• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.511-515
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• 2005

Autologous cartilage grafts have become an integral part of aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. However, little objective information is available about the actual quantitative resorption of cartilage in human. This study sought to objectively quantify and compare the resorption of costal cartilage in human. To compare the resorption characteristics of rib cartilage autografts, we harvested rib cartilage grafts from 37 microtia patients. All autografts were implanted subcutaneously on chest and then removed after 6 to 17 months. Graft mass and volume were compared before and after implantion. Rib cartilage grafts with perichondrium averaged $10.8{\pm}7.4%$ resorption by volume, On the other hand rib cartilage grafts without perichondrium $25.5{\pm}6.8%$. There was no evidence of necrosis or inflammatory changes. The rib cartilage is the preferred source of autogenous cartilage for auricular reconstruction. Short-term resorption of rib cartilage without perichondrium appears to be higher than with perichondrium. The low resorption of cartilage with perichondrium may be due to in part to cartilage forming capacity of the perichondrium. It remains to be seen whether these differences in resorption persist in the long term.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using a korea's natural monument No. 265 designate 'Yeonsan-Ogye'. In this study, research by using extracts from different concentration of the Yeonsan-Ogye through an MIA-induced arthritis animal model was being conducted in vivo and scientifically verifying the efficacy of medicinal food. Methods : Yeonsan-Ogye was administered 500 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day, 2000 mg/kg/day to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at $60mg/m{\ell}$. MMP-9, COMP, CTXII, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured by ELISA. The changes of relative hind paw weight bearing ratio by Incapacitance Test Meter and The cartilage of meniscus volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of meniscus were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Also, the histopathological analysis of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. Results : Production of MMP-9, COMP (all groups) and CTXII (500, 1000 mg/kg/day) level in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The other way, production of calcitonin (500, 1000 mg/kg/day) and glycosaminoglycan (all groups) level in serum, Hind paw weight bearing ratio (all groups) was increased, espectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume in micro-CT increased significantly. In addition, all groups showed a increase in the cartilage volume and proteoglycan. Conclusion : The results for Yeonsan-Ogye showed significant antiarthritis activity in serum and the cartilage. Therefore, it is thought to be that Yeonsan Ogye can be utilized as a variety of new korea medicie and health foods against arthritis diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.645-650
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• 2005

To reduce ammonia-like odor in chondroitin sulfate, longnose skate (Rasa rhina) cartilage was processed by washing, autoclaving, and alkali pretreatments. Content of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), index of ammonia-like odor, of raw skate cartilage without pretreatment was 254 mg/100 g, whereas those of skate cartilage pretreated with washing and autoclaving increased to 630 and 636 mg/100 g, respectively. TVB-N of skate cartilage pretreated with sodium hydroxide sharply decreased to 15 mg/l00 g at optimal condition of 0.12 M and 3.6 volume of NaOH, as determined by surface response methodology of central composite design for optimization. Alkali pretreatment resulted in 97.6% deodorizing. Washing and autoclaving pretreatments had almost no effect on the yield of chondroitin sulfate (approximately 30%), whereas decreased to 16.0% after alkali pretreatment, showing chondroitin sulfate of skate cartilage as chondroitin sulfate C.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.564-569
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• 2016

Background Alar retraction is a challenging condition in rhinoplasty marked by exaggerated nostril exposure and awkwardness. Although various methods for correcting alar retraction have been introduced, none is without drawbacks. Herein, we report a simple procedure that is both effective and safe for correcting alar retraction using only conchal cartilage grafting. Methods Between August 2007 and August 2009, 18 patients underwent conchal cartilage extension grafting to correct alar retraction. Conchal cartilage extension grafts were fixed to the caudal margins of the lateral crura and covered with vestibular skin advancement flaps. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were reviewed and analyzed. Patient satisfaction was surveyed and categorized into 4 groups (very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, or unsatisfied). Results According to the survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 9 were satisfied, and 1 considered the outcome moderate, resulting in satisfaction for most patients. The average distance from the alar rim to the long axis of the nostril was reduced by 1.4 mm (3.6 to 2.2 mm). There were no complications, except in 2 cases with palpable cartilage step-off that resolved without any aesthetic problems. Conclusions Conchal cartilage alar extension graft is a simple, effective method of correcting alar retraction that can be combined with aesthetic rhinoplasty conveniently, utilizing conchal cartilage, which is the most similar cartilage to alar cartilage, and requiring a lesser volume of cartilage harvest compared to previously devised methods. However, the current procedure lacks efficacy for severe alar retraction and a longer follow-up period may be required to substantiate the enduring efficacy of the current procedure.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using a KV pharmacopuncture. KV pharmacopuncture was inserted at BL40 for 4 weeks to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at 60 mg/ml. MMP-9, CTX II, LTB4, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured by ELISA. The cartilage of patella volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Also, The histopathological change of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. Production of MMP-9, CTX II and LTB4 level in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The other way, production of calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum was increased, respectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume increased significantly. In addition, the KV group showed a increase in the cartilage volume and proteoglycan. These results may be used a remedy for new korea medicine to ease the symptoms mentioned above.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 1993

When illustrating the therapeutical plan of laryngeal cancer, there are difficulties in obtaining the three dimensional volume of tumor, submucosal extension of tumor, and particularly whether or not invasion on laryngeal cartilage has occurred. In particular clinical significance is the invasion to the laryngeal framework, which correlates with poor prognosis due to high frequency of local recurrence and cervical metastasis. Therefore the purposes of histopathological evaluation according to serial section study after laryngectomy are firstly, apprehension of the spread of laryngeal cancer and the pattern of invasion to laryngeal cartilage and secondly, obtaining an aid to establish direction of management to make higher the validity of preoperative clinical diagnosis. The following results were obtained : 1. The pattern of tumor invasion in cartilage 1) The tumor invades ossified cartilage chiefly and invades nonossified cartilage in extensive lesion only. 2) The tumor spread through intramarrow space at invaded ossified cartilage with intact perichondrium. 3) The perichondrium is strong barrier. 2. The incidence of cartilage invasion in order of frequency is as follow thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid, epiglottic cartilage. 3. The transglottic cancer has higher incidence(811.8%)of cartilage invasion. 4. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate of preoperative CT scan was 100%, 62.5%, 82.3% respectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.599-606
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• 2005

Clinical application of the cartilage formed by tissue engineering is of no practical use due to the failure of long-term structural integrity maintenance. One of the important factors for integrity maintenance is the biomaterial for a scaffold. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference between polylactic-co-glycolic acids (PLGA) and chitosan as scaffolds. Human auricular chondrocytes were isolated, cultured, and seeded on the scaffolds, which were implanted in the back of nude mice. Eight animals were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 weeks after implantation respectively. In gross examination and histological findings, the volume of chondrocyte-PLGA complexes was decreased rapidly. The volume of chondrocyte-chitosan complexes was well maintained with a slow decrease rate. The expression of type II collagen protein detected by immunohistochemistry and western blots became weaker with time in the chondrocyte-PLGA complexes. However, the expression in the chondrocyte-chitosan complexes was strong for the whole period. Collagen type II gene expressions using RT-PCR showed a similar pattern. In conclusion, these results suggest that chitosan is a superior scaffold in cartilage tissue engineering in terms of structural integrity maintenance. It is expected that chitosan scaffold may become one of the most useful scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation using injectable material is an easy and simple operation. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model for two years. Study Design : A prospective study with the contralateral side of the larynx used as the control Methods : Twelve dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks. two at 3 months. one at 6 months, one at 12 months, three at 24 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Result : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. Only a very small proportion of the injected cartilage was absorbed due to the degenerative change and the overall volume was preserved even when the cells died out. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 24 months. Conclusion : The autologous cartilage implant using auricular cartilage was the ideal vocal cord augmentative material for the treatment of glottic incompetence.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2008

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an important noninvasive medical imaging technique that can reveal subsurface structures of biological tissue. OCT has demonstrated a good correlation with histology in sufficient resolution to identify morphological changes in articular cartilage to differentiate normal through progressive stages of degenerative joint disease. Current OCT systems provide individual cross-sectional images that are representative of the tissue directly under the scanning beam, but they may not fully demonstrate the degree of degeneration occurring within a region of a joint surface. For a full understanding of the nature and degree of cartilage degeneration within a joint, multiple OCT images must be obtained and an overall assessment of the joint surmised from multiple individual images. This study presents frequency domain three-dimensional (3-D) OCT imaging of degenerative joint cartilage extracted from bovine knees. The 3-D OCT imaging of articular cartilage enables the assembly of 126 individual, adjacent, rapid scanned OCT images into a full 3-D image representation of the tissue scanned, or these may be viewed in a progression of successive individual two-dimensional (2-D) OCT images arranged in 3-D orientation. A fiber-based frequency domain OCT system that provides cross-sectional images was used to acquire 126 successive adjacent images for a sample volume of $6{\times}3.2{\times}2.5\;mm^3$. The axial resolution was $8\;{\mu}m$ in air. The 3-D OCT was able to demonstrate surface topography and subsurface disruption of articular cartilage consistent with the gross image as well as with histological cross-sections of the specimen. The 3-D OCT volumetric imaging of articular cartilage provides an enhanced appreciation and better understanding of regional degenerative joint disease than may be realized by individual 2-D OCT sectional images.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.283-294
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• 2018

Objectives : Mahaengeuigam-Tang (MHEGT) has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of rheumatic aerthritis, rheumatisim, eczema and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of MHEGT for cartilage protection in monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced osteoarthritis, particularly focusing on apoptosis. Method : Thirty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the study. Rats were intra-articularly injected with 2 mg MIA in a total volume of 50 ㎕ saline. In MHEGT group, MHEGT extract was orally administered once daily to MIA-induced osteoarthritis rats, and rats of control group were given with saline only. At 4 weeks after MIA injection, all animals were sacrificed, and the histological changes and articular thickness were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, the immunohistochemical analyses of BAX and Bcl-2 were carried out. Results : The histomorphological examinations revealed that MHEGT reduced MIA-induced cartilage damage. And, MHEGT ameliorated the severity of cartilage surface damages after MIA injection. Furthermore, MHEGT suppressed the MIA-induced increases of pro-apoptotic BAX protein and increased the protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Conclusion : These findings indicate that MHEGT protects against MIA-induced cartilage damage by inhibition of the apoptotic pathway, demonstrating significant protection of cartilage against osteoarthritis. These results suggest that MHEGT may potentially have clinical applications in the treatment of osteoarthritis.