• 한국농공학회지
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.96-106
• /
• 2003

134 Dutch cone (mechanical cone) and 9 piezocone (electronic cone) penetration tests have been performed in the southwestern part of Korea. In general, Dutch cone results may be different from that of piezocone due to the difference in structure of the cones. 6 Dutch cone and piezocone test data which were obtained at the same point respectively, were analyzed and plotted in soil classification chart proposed by Robertson et. al.(1986, 1990). Cone factors of Dutch cone and piezocone test empirically have been determined using laboratory and field vane test results. Using this cone factors, it was shown that there was good correlation between shear strength estimated using cone resistance and that of laboratory test and field vane tests. It was found that there was a good correlation between cone resistance from Dutch cone and that from piezocone. Relationship formula was also suggested. Dutch cone test provides a useful means for stratigraphic profiling in large project and has some advantage over piezocone in particular situations, such as very soft clay ground and dredged area.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1987

The objective of this study is to develop a soil hardness tester which can estimate tillage resistance with tae travelling cone-penetrometer. For the study, a series of tests was performed using the cone penetrating in the horizontal direction. Based on the tests above, soil hardness was represented by travelling cone-index vs depth of cone penetration, travelling speed and moisture contents of the soil Resistance characteristics obtained from the experiments were compared with those by a vertical cone-penetrometer and the Yamanaka's soil hardness tester. Following conclusions were made from the study. 1. 8 to 9 peaks per one meter were detected in the resistance curve of cone penetration regardless of the travelling speed of cone-penetrometer when it penetrated the soil in the horizontal direction. This phenomenon seemed to be a similar one noticed in shearing pitch of plowing. 2. Cone index increased as travelling speed increased from 0.08m/sec to 0.5m/sec. 3. Linear relationship was found between the cone indices measured by the travelling coe-penetrometer and Yamanaka's hardness tester. 4. Increasing rate of the cone indices measured by vertical cone-penetrometer decreased as the depth of soil increased while the cone indices by the travelling cone-pentrometer increased linearly.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2002

A comparative study of 134 mechanical (Dutch cone) and 9. electronic cone (Piezocone) penetration data from the southern part of Korea has been performed. In general, Dutch cone results may be different from piezocone results due to the difference in structure of the cones. Cone penetrometer test data were analyzed and plotted in soil classification chart proposed by Robertson et. al.(1986,1990) Cone factors of Dutch cone and piezocone test have empirically been determined using laboratory and field vane test results. Using this cone factors, it was shown that there was good correlation between shear strength estimated using cone resistance and that of laboratory test and field vane tests. It was found that there was a good correlation between cone resistance from Dutch cone and that from piezocone. Dutch cone test provides a useful means for stratigraphic profiling in large project and has some advantage over piezocone in particular situations, such as very soft clay ground and dredged area.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2000

The pattern of variations in cone sex ratio and pollen traits such as pollen number and size was examined for two years in populations of red pines In Korea. We evaluated; (1) the relationship between tree size and cone sex ratio, (2) the relationship between year and cone sex ratio, and (3) the relationship between cone sex ratio and pollen traits. Larger trees in height and circumference at breast height produced more male as well as female cones. However, cone sex ratio was independent of these plant sizes. Across the two populations, both female cone numbers per tree and male cone numbers per new shoot increased 2.2 and 1.2 times, respectively, in 1999 compared to 1998, while the yearly pattern of male cone-bearing shoots per tree differed significantly between populations. Thus, cone sex ratio varied significantly between years in one of the two populations. Pollen traits such as the number of pollen grains and diameter did not vary significantly among populations. Pollen diameter and grain numbers per male cone were significantly negatively correlated with the cone sex ratio in two populations and one population, respectively. Trees which stopped female cone production in the first year and those which produced female cones in both years differed in the cone sex ratio and pollen size in the second year. The long duration of one reproductive episode and the potential of masting in red pines emphasize the need to conduct long-term studies on the dynamics of cone production, cone sex ratio, and simultaneous changes in pollen traits in red pines.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.72.2-72.2
• /
• 2014

We have made a comparison of three cone models (an asymmetric cone model, an ice-cream cone model, and an elliptical cone model) in terms of space weather application. We found that CME angular widths obtained by three cone models are quite different one another even though their radial velocities are comparable with one another. In this study, we investigate which cone model is proper for halo CME morphology and whether cone model parameters are similar to observations. For this, we look for CMEs which are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft and as limb CMEs by the other ones. For this we use SOHO/LASCO and STEREO/SECCHI data during the period from 2010 December to 2011 June when two spacecraft were separated by $90{\pm}10$ degrees. From geometrical parameters of these CMEs such as their front curvature, we classify them into two groups: shallow cone (5 events) and near full-cone (28 events). Noting that the previous cone models are based on flat cone or shallow cone shapes, our results imply that a cone model based on full cone shape should be developed. For further analysis, we are estimating the angular widths of these CMEs near the limb to compare them with those from the cone models. This result shows that the angular widths of the ice-cream cone model are well correlated (CC = 0.81) with those of observations.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.640-652
• /
• 2009

캘릭스[n]아렌 (1-4)의 다양한 이형체들에 대한 구조들이 DFT B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) 와 mPW1PW91/ 6-31+G(d,p) (hybrid HF-DF) 계산 방법들에 의하여 최적화 되었다. 모든 캘릭스[n]아렌 (1-4)의 다양한 이형체들 중에서, 수소결합들의 영향으로, cone 이형체가 가장 안정하였다. 그러나, 이형체들의 상대적인 안정성은 다음과 같이 서로 달랐다. 1. t-부틸캘릭스[4]아렌(1): cone > partial-cone > 1,2-alternate > 1,3-alternate. 2. t-부틸캘릭스[5]아렌(2): cone > 1,2-alternate > partial-cone > 1,3-alternate. 3. 탈부틸화된 캘릭스[6]아렌(3): cone(pinched) > partial-cone > cone(winged) ~ 1,2-alternate - 1,2,3-alternate > 1,4-alternate > 1,3-alternate > 1,3,5-alternate. 4. t-부틸캘릭스[6]아렌(4): cone(pinched) > 1,2-alternate > cone(winged) > 1,4-alternate - partial-cone > 1,2,3-alternate > 1,3,5-alternate > 1,3-alternate. 분자 내부의 수소결합의 개수와 강도들이 캘릭스[n]아렌의 다양한 이형체들의 상대적인 안정성에 가장 영향을 많이 미치는 인자들이었다. 두 가지 서로 다른 계산방법들 (B3LYP과 mPW1PW91)에 대한 여러 가지 이형체들에서의 수소결합 길이들이 비교되었다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.792-801
• /
• 2016

철도노반에 대한 지반조사 방법은 표준관입시험(SPT), Cone 관입시험 등이 널리 이용되고 있다. 그러나 표준관입시험은 시험장비가 크기 때문에 운행선 주변의 전철주 등에 접촉 위험이 있어 적용에 어려움이 있다. 그리고 휴대용 장비인 DCP(Dynamic Cone Penetrometer)의 경우 타격에너지가 부족하고 관입되는 Cone-rod의 강성이 부족하므로 필요 깊이까지 관입이 불가능하여 사용에 제한을 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 휴대용 장비이면서 타격에너지와 강성이 큰 Pagani Cone Test를 표준관입시험과 동일한 지반에서 시험을 실시하여 N값을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 Pagano Cone Test의 N값을 보정시 사질토에서 SPT의 N값의 1.48배, 점토에서 1.33배를 얻었으며, Pagani Cone Test의 N값과 표준관입시험의 N값과의 상관관계를 제안하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제97권5호
• /
• pp.516-524
• /
• 2008

We investigated on the distribution of nutrient contents (N. P and K) in current and one-year old needles of Korean pine, Pinus koraiensis, to understand the physiological effects of alternate bearing. One experimental set was designed with three types of cone number (one, three and five) under natural state and cone number of another one was controlled by thinning. Test samples were separated to collect into three fractions; current needles on the shoot and one-year old needles above and under the cone. On the branch without cone, N, P and K concentrations in needles on the shoot were higher than those in needles of one-year old branch. At natural state, needle P concentration was the lowest in needles on the five-cone branch in August. Macronutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in needle K concentration. Under cone thinning, N. P and K concentrations were the highest in needles on one-cone branch and the lowest in needles on five-cone branch. Needle nutrient concentrations were the lowest in needles above the cone, which was remarkably observed in the needle on five-cone branch. In conclusion, the current needles of the shoot and cones are a strong sink of nutrient like N. P and K, and the increase of cone number influences nutrient removal from needles.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 1992

수술중방사선치료는 개복후 가능한 광범위하게 병소를 절제한 후 방사선에 예민한 장기는 조사면적 밖으로 밀어내고 국소재발이 높은 부위에만 전자선을 사용하여 한번만에 다량의 방사선을 조사하므로서 정상조직의 손상을 최소화하면서 국소재발을 최대로 저하시키는 방법이다. 수술중방사선치료를 실시하는 병원마다 사용하는 cone의 모양, 시행방법, 조사선량등이 모두 달라 수술중방사선치료시 사용된 cone의 선량분포도 및 치료면적의 범위, 누설선량등은 치료효과의 중요한 지표가 된다. 대장직장암의 수술중 방사선치료를 위하여 본 교실에서 제작한 IORT cone의 선량분포 특성을 비교 검토하였다.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.557-564
• /
• 2011

In 2007, Huang and Zhang [1] introduced a cone metric space with a cone metric generalizing the usual metric space by replacing the real numbers with Banach space ordered by the cone. They considered some fixed point theorems for contractive mappings in cone metric spaces. Since then, the fixed point theory for mappings in cone metric spaces has become a subject of interest in [1-6] and references therein. In this paper, we consider some fixed point theorems for generalized nonexpansive setvalued mappings under suitable conditions in sequentially compact cone metric spaces and complete cone metric spaces.