• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2022

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is the Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) under development in Korea. KASS navigation service support navigation Safety of Life (SoL) service. KASS signal provides corrections to Global Positioning System (GPS) data received from KASS Reference Stations (KRS) and is broadcast form Geostationary Earth Orbiting (GEO) satellites to KASS users and is used by GPS/SBAS user equipment to improve the accuracy, availability, continuity and integrity of the navigation solution. Seven KRS's collect the satellite data and send them to the KASS Processing Stations (KPS) for the generation of the corrections and the monitoring the integrity. For performing its computation the KPS needs to know accurate and reliable KRS antennas coordinates. These coordinates are provided as configuration parameters to the KPS. This means that the reference frame in which the KPS work is the one represented by the set of coordinates provided as input. Therefore, the activity to maintain the accuracy of the KRS antenna coordinates is necessary, knowing that coordinates can evolve due to earth plates movements or earthquakes. In this paper, we analyzed the geodetic survey results for KRS antenna coordinates from Site Acceptance Test (SAT) #1 in December 2020 to August 2022. In the future, it is expected that these activities and planning for KRS coordinates maintenance will be produced and provided to KASS system operators for KPS configuration updates during the KASS lifetime of 15 years. Through these maintenance activities, it is expected that monitoring and analysis of unpredictable events such as earthquakes and seism will be possible in the future.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2023

The Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) system is a Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS) under development to provide APV-I SBAS service in the Republic of Korea. The KASS ground segment generates correction and integrity information for GPS measurements of KASS users using the accurate positions of KASS Reference Station (KRS) antenna phase centers. For this reason, the accuracy of KRS reference points through geodetic survey campaigns is one of the important factors for providing the KASS service in compliance with the required navigation performance. In order to obtain accurate positions, two geodetic survey campaigns were performed at several reference points, such as Mark, Center of Mast at Ground Level (CMGL), and Center of Hole in Top Plate (CHTP), of each KRS site using three different survey methods, the Virtual Reference Station (VRS), Flächen Korrektur Parameter (FKP), and raw data post-processing methods. By comparing and analyzing the results, the computed coordinates of the reference points were verified and Antenna Phase Center (APC) positions were calculated using KRS Antenna Reference Point (ARP) data, and the first KASS Site Acceptance Test (SAT#1) was performed successfully using the verified APC coordinates. After the first site survey activities, the KASS operators should maintain the coordinates with the required performance such that the overall KASS navigation performance commitment is guaranteed during the lifetime of 15 years. Therefore, the maintenance plan for the KRS antenna coordinates should be developed before the commissioning of KASS operation planned after 2023. Therefore, this paper presents a geodetic survey method selected for the maintenance activities and provides the rationale for using this method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.798-800
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• 2005

In competitive electricity markets, the System Operator (SO) coordinates the overall maintenance schedules whenever the collective maintenance schedule reported to SO by Gencos & Transco in the pool does not satisfy the specified operating criteria, such as system reliability or supply adequacy. We propose a two-layer mathematical algorithm amenable to maintenance scheduling problem into master problem and sub-problem. The master problem coordinates the scheduling, and sub-problem, DC optimal power flew, checks the adequacy. The proposed algorithm was demonstrated with a case study.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.71-76
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose the mobile visual inspection information system using DGPS and portable range finder for levee safety inspection. Instead of existing visual inspection management method that is stored hand-written data, this system is designed to manage directly the visual inspection information using mobile devices in the field of levee. And through extracting accurate DGPS coordinates information about damage location of levee, this system is developed to ensure efficiency for the main task arising from the levee site such as inspection, maintenance and reinforcement. Furthermore, when damage has occurred at the point that inspector is not able to approach, this system can record the damage site data correctly, by converting data such as position, orientation and height of the damage point into the World Geodetic System coordinates. The position, orientation and height data was extracted automatically through the DGPS and portable range finder. And by applying the augmented reality method, this system was implemented for inspector to revisit the point of damage easily in order to perform the management, maintenance and reinforcement of the levee later.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.352-357
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• 2005

In competitive electricity markets, the System Operator (SO) coordinates the overall maintenance schedules when the collective maintenance schedule reported to 50 by Gencos not satisfy the specified operating criteria, such as system reliability or supply adequacy. This paper presented a method that divides generator maintenance scheduling of the 50 into a master-problem and a sub-problem. Master-problem is schedule coordination and sub-problem is DC-optimal power flow. If sub-problem is infeasible, we use the algorithm of modifying operating criteria of master-problem. And, the 50 should use the open information only, because the information such as cost function of a generator and bidding Price is highly crucial for the strategies of profit maximization.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.12
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• pp.685-688
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• 2004

In competitive electricity markets, the System Operator (SO) coordinates the overall maintenance schedules whenever the collective maintenance schedule reported to SO by Gencos in the pool does not satisfy the specified operating criteria, such as system reliability or supply adequacy. The SO's coordination usually involves sorts of financial conflict among Genco's. This paper proposes a coordination algorithm which minimizes the total financial loss of Genco's while satisfying the required operating criteria.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11b
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• pp.104-106
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• 2004

In competitive electricity markets, the System Operator (SO) coordinates the overall maintenance schedules whenever the collective maintenance schedule reported to SO by Gencos in the pool does not satisfy the specified operating criteria, such as system reliability or supply adequacy. In this paper, we divide maintenance schedule problem into master-problem and sub-problem. Master-problem is schedule coordination and sub-problem is DC-optimal power flow. If sub-problem is infeasible, we use the algorithm of modifying operating criteria of master-problem.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2006

Sensor network is made from very small and restrictive-power nodes, and they collect some information of environment like as thermal and tremor, etc. And they transfer the information to each other. Generally, supporting the Security service of sensor network is a difficult work, because the nodes have very small cpu-power and low electronic-power. So, More effective management scheme will needed for the maintenance of stability. In this paper, we propose the location based management scheme with circular coordinates. We were make the with the relative location information from one node to other. The new scheme show more simple and effective result then the other method for key management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1992

The Korean triangulation network was established for 7 years from 1940 to 1916, the official coordinates of the stations were based on Tokyo Datum. But, most of the triangulation points, were destroyed during the Korean War, was re-established or re-arranged. The National Geography Institute(NGI) is now executing primary and secondary precise control survey projects with Electronic Distance Measuring equipments, which have average side lengths of 10 Km/2.5 Km. In this study, the revision method of the official coordinates is proposed that the combination of the primary and secondary precise control network is appropriate to new densification adjustments based on the computational schems of the original triangulation framework. And, the redefinition systems of Korean Datum is are also proposed in future networks.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-42
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• 2023

Despite the significance of ports as critical economic infrastructure, the berth facilities usually deteriorate due to heavy loading, unloading, aging, environmental weather conditions, marine growths, and lack of efficient maintenance management. Marine berths require proactive maintenance management to limit deterioration and defects as no berth facility is maintenance-free. Thus, delay in carrying out maintenance work for the marine berths can be devastating to the operational process involving ship entry, loading, and unloading operations. The aim of this research is to coordinate both operations work, and maintenance works that take place inside the berth of a local industrial port in Saudi Arabia, by developing a novel framework that integrates both works without affecting the efficiency and functionality of the berth. The study focused on defining the operational process of the port and identifying the elements with direct and indirect effects. In addition to determining the priority for the entry of ships inside the berth, it also identified the factors involved in designing a framework that included maintenance work as a component of the monthly berth occupancy schedule. By applying a mathematical model, a framework was established, which includes all the important elements of the process. As a result of the mathematical method formulation process, a database was designed that organizes and coordinates the operations of all berths within the port. This creates time to carry out the required maintenance work monthly as well as ease of coordination with the contractors responsible for the implementation of those works.