• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06c
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• pp.447-451
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a simple but effective algorithm to increase the speed of Emphysema region classification. Emphysema region classification method based on CT image consumes a lot of time because of the large number of subregions due to the large size of CT image. Some of the sub-regions contain no Emphysema and the classification of these regions is worthless. To speed up the classification process, we create an algorithm to select Emphysema region candidates and only use these candidates in the Emphysema region classification instead of all of the sub-regions. First, the lung region is detected. Then we threshold the lung region and only select the dark pixels because Emphysema only appeared in the dark area of the CT image. Then the thresholded pixels are clustered into a region that called the Emphysema pre-detected region or Emphysema region candidate. This region is then divided into sub-region for the Emphysema region classification. The experimental result shows that Emphysema region classification using predetected Emphysema region decreases the size of lung region which will result in about 84.51% of time reduction in Emphysema region classification.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2018

Background: Subcutaneous emphysema refers to swelling caused by the presence of air or gas in the interstices of loose connective tissue. In the head and neck area, it may follow the fascial planes and is characterized by sudden swelling, crepitus on palpation, infrequent pain, and air emboli on radiography. It usually occurs as a complication in dental treatment. Some reports have described subcutaneous emphysema caused by dental procedures; however, severe emphysema related to peri-implantitis after treatment has not been documented. Accordingly, the current report describes a rare case of subcutaneous cervical emphysema resulting from the use of an air-powder abrasive device to treat peri-implantitis. Case presentation: Based on a review of the existing literature and the present case, nine cases of subcutaneous emphysema due to air-powder abrasive device have been reported. In most cases, the emphysema resolved over time after treatment with prophylactic antibiotics; among these, two were related to peri-implantitis management. Conclusion: Considering the frequent use of air-powder abrasive devices to treat peri-implantitis, the potential risk of iatrogenic emphysema related to this procedure needs to be addressed more extensively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2017

Subcutaneous facial emphysema after dental treatment is an uncommon complication caused by the invasion of high-pressure air; in severe cases, it can spread to the neck, mediastinum, and thorax, resulting in cervical emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax. The present case showed subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema with pneumomediastinum after class V restoration. The patient was fully recovered after eight days of conservative treatment. The cause of this case was the penetration of high-pressure air through the gingival sulcus, which had a weakened gingival attachment. This case indicated that dentists should be careful to prevent subcutaneous emphysema during common dental treatments using a high-speed hand piece and gingival retraction cord.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 1995

Clinical analysis were performed on 68 cases of subcutaneous emphysema, those were visited at the emergency center of Chosun university hospital during the period form 1992 to 1994. The following result was obtained. 1 The incidence of subcutaneous emphysema was 0.16%, and male was dominant [M:F=6.9:1 .2 The age distribution of subcutaneous emphysema was from 4 to 77 years old and mean age was 49.6$\pm$17.8 years[$\pm$SD 3 The most presenting symptoms were chest pain[49% , and the proceeding cause was traffic accident[38% . 3 The most associated disease was a ipsilateral pneumothorax[59% . 4 Conservative management is an indication in the majority of cases of subcutaneous emphysema because it is usually a self-limited condition and spontaneous remission usually occurs. We conclude that initial effort must be made to detect the underlying cause of the subcutaneous emphysema in order that appropriate management may be undertaken.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2016

Cervical emphysema and Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is an uncommon disease. Cervical emphysema is mainly caused by trauma or head and neck surgery. Here, we report a case of cervical emphysema and spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a 15-year-old man. This case emphasizes that cervical swelling patients with negative inflammation findings should be scrutinized for cervical emphysema and spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.92-95
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• 2002

Cervical subcutaneous emphysema usually occurs as a result of surgery or trauma. However, when it occurs spontaneously, the patient may Present with clinically impressive and dramatic features. Spontaneous subcutaneous cervical emphysema is very rare. A 20-month-old boy diagnosed bronchial asthma had been admitted and all symptoms has improved On 5th hospital admission day, sudden subcutaneous crepitation of cervical, chest and axillary area had developed, and roentgenograms of chest and neck revealed subcutaneous cervical emphysema. He was treated needle aspiration. and recovered rapidly.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2001

Subcutaneous emphysema of the head and neck are well-known sequealae of surgery and trauma to the chest airway. This occurs when air is introduced into the tissue. This can happen as a complication during, or immediately after surgery. Among the causes subcutaneous emphysema due to complication of tonsillectomy, has rarely been described. Definitive treatment will depend on the cause. Recently. we have experienced two cases of subcutaneous emphysema without respiratory and circulatory insufficiency as a complication of tonsillectomy in 38-year-old male and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 41- year-old male.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.193-195
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• 1995

Congenital lobar emphysema is an uncommon disease affecting newborns and infants with respiratory distress. This report describes a 1.9kg premature baby of 31weeks gestation who developed respiratory distress symptoms of congenital lobar emphysema involved left upper lobe.Left upper lobe lobectomy was carried out and good result was obtained. So, we present one case report with literature review.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2023

We report two rare cases of extensive bilateral subcutaneous emphysema that occurred during ordinary dental procedures. An air-driven high-speed handpiece, routinely used in dental procedures may cause subcutaneous emphysema when high pressure air is introduced into the loose connective tissues below the dermal layer. The first case occurred with surgical extraction of the lower third molar. The air introduced into the fascial spaces near the surgical field spread to the contralateral spaces, as well as the neck and chest areas. The second case also showed extensive bilateral subcutaneous emphysema caused by the introduction of compressed air from the handpiece during crown preparation without any invasive procedure. Cases where the emphysema extends beyond the treatment site to involve the contralateral cervicofacial areas have been rarely reported. Predicting the occurrence of subcutaneous emphysema is difficult, so it is important to exercise caution during routine dental treatment. If significant bilateral cervicofacial swelling is suspected to be due to subcutaneous emphysema, prompt diagnosis with securing the patient's airway will be necessary.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.177-183
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• 2010

Background: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. Methods: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. Results: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, $FEV_1/FVC$ and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). Conclusion: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.