• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2007

The pulse diagnosis studies reported to date has mainly been performed to clinically reveal the pulse wave characteristics according to the specific diseases, whereas no attempts have been made to study the effects on the pulse wave characteristics of the daily activities such as taking meals, exercise, and sleep, etc. This work reports the effect of feeding stimulus on the healthy subjects on the pulse wave pattern which has quantitatively been analyzed using the objective model for the pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. The pulse waves right before/after the meal and 30 minutes after the meal were measured using the pulse analyzing equipment (3D-Mac, Daeyo Medi, Korea) and at the same time oriental medicine doctors' diagnoses were given. The pulse parameters obtained from the equipment and clinical records on the subjects were statistically processed and the variables showing statistically significant differences were analyzed. The results indicate that the pulse pressure, the pulse rate, and the respiratory rate increase while the blood pressure decreases after the meal. For the floating/sinking and the deficient/excess coefficients characterizing the pulse states described in the oriental medicine, the floating/sinking coefficients were observed to decrease whereas the deficiency/excess coefficients increase after the meal. The results indicates that besides the standard bio-indicators like blood pressure and respiratory rate, etc., the pulse wave characterization in terms of the pulse classifications in the oriental medicine using the floating/sinking, deficient/excess pulse states provide an important piece of biomedical information.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-44
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• 2010

Pulse diagnosis is considered one of the most important diagnostic methods in traditional Korean medicine. Nonetheless, there have been troubles of using pulse diagnosis practically, for the lack of its differential standards and standardized terminology. Rapid pulse belongs to the several traditional pulse types. Rapid pulse was first mentioned in the chinese medical book Haungdineijin that matched it to the fever as well as yang in the human body. Meanwhile, chinese doctors in Ming Ching dynasty of China suggested that rapid pulse meant more of the yin, cold-related reaction than yang and fever. In this study, we organized the past arguments of the rapid pulse and went back tracking what biological activities could be possibly linked to the rapid pulse. Thus, we figured out that the inflammatory mechanism has a close connection with the rapid pulse. The definition of the rapid pulse in Haungdineijin was indicating the acute inflammatory response, while in Ming Ching dynasty, it indicated the chronic inflammation. This is the deficiency-excess pattern of the rapid pulse. Furthermore, we discussed the nonexpression pattern of the rapid pulse which could be happened in case of the heat stroke, etc.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

Objectives : While Comparative Pulse Diagnosis of Renying pulse(人迎脈) and Cunkou pulse(寸口脈) is one of the three major pulse diagnostic methods in "Huangdineijing" along with Three Positions and Nine Indicators Pulse Diagnosis(三部九候脈診法) and Cunkou Pulse Diagnosis(寸口脈診法), it has died out in later periods. This study aims to examine this lost method. Methods : Annotations of "Huangdineijing" were examined along with descriptions of the author's own experience. Results & Conclusions : Renying is the Renying(人迎) point from the Stomach Channel(ST), while Cunkou is the Taiyuan(太淵) point from the Lung Channel(LU). These two points are compared in order to determine the deficiency and excess of the Zangfu(臟腑). Normal pulses(平脈) are Soft(軟脈) or Moderate(緩脈), while Stirred pulses(躁脈) are Stringy(弦脈), Tight(緊脈), Slippery(滑脈) or Long(長脈). If the Renying is once active where Shaoyang pulse is active, purge the Gallbladder and supplement the Liver. If there is Stirred pulse, purge the Triple Burner and supplement the Pericardium. If the Renying is twice active where Taiyang pulse is active, purge the Bladder and supplement the Kidney. If there is Stirred pulse, purge the Small Intestine and supplement the Heart. If the Renying is three times active, where Yangming pulse is active, purge the Stomach and supplement the Spleen. If there is Stirred pulse, purge the Large Intestine and supplement the Lung. If the Cunkou is once active where the Jueyin pulse is active, purge the Liver and supplement the Gallbladder. If there is Stirred pulse, purge the Pericardium and supplement the Triple Energizer. If the Cunkou is twice active where the Shaoyin pulse is active, purge the Kidney and supplement the Bladder. If there is stirred pulse, purge the Heart and supplement the Small Intestine. If the Cunkou is three times active where the Taiyin pulse is active, purge the Stomach and supplement the Spleen. If there is Stirred pulse, purge the Lung and supplement the Large Intestine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

Objectives: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the agreement between traditional face-to-face Korean medicine (KM) pattern identification and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification using the data from related questionnaires, tongue image, and pulse features in patients with cancer. Methods: From January to June 2020, 16 participants with a cancer diagnosis were recruited at the one Korean medicine hospital. Three experienced Korean medicine doctors independently diagnosed the participants whether they belong to the cold pattern or not, heat pattern or not, deficiency pattern or not, and excess pattern or not. Another researcher collected KM pattern related data using questionnaires including Cold-Heat Pattern Identification (CHPI), tongue image analysis system, and pulse analyzer. Collected KM pattern related data without participants' identifier was provided for the three Korean medicine doctors in random order, and non-face-to-face KM pattern identification was carried out. The kappa value between face-to-face and non-face-to-face pattern identification was calculated. Results: From the face-to-face pattern identification, there were 13/3 cold/non-cold pattern, 4/12 heat/non-heat pattern, 14/2 deficiency/non-deficiency pattern, and 0/16 excess/non-excess pattern participants. In cold/non-cold pattern, kappa value was 0.455 (sensitivity: 0.85, specificity: 0.67, accuracy: 0.81). In heat/non-heat pattern, the kappa value was 0.429 (sensitivity: 0.75, specificity: 0.72, accuracy: 0.75). The kappa value of deficiency/non-deficiency and excess/non-excess pattern was not calculated because of the few participants of non-deficiency, and excess pattern. Conclusions: The agreement between traditional face-to-face pattern identification and non-face-to-face pattern identification seems to be moderate. The non-face-to-face pattern identification using questionnaires, tongue, and pulse features may feasible for the large clinical study.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Laser acupuncture is defined as the stimulation of traditional acupuncture points with low-intensity, nonthermal laser irradiation. Possible advantages in using laser acupuncture are the noninvasive, painless and low risks of infection treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on the quality and waveform of arterial pulses. Ten acupuncture points were stimulated repeatedly three times in 30 individuals by laser with emission in the near infrared spectral region (808 nm) using an out power and power density of 45 mW and $143W/cm^2$. The analysis of pulse quality and waveform was performed based on the measurement of arterial pressure of the left and right wrist, using a 3-dimensional blood pressure pulse analyzer. Excess-like pulse quality of subjects before laser acupuncture changed significantly to balanced pulse quality after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture; coefficient of deficient or excess, $C_{DE}$, decreased significantly from 0.68 before acupuncture to 0.61, 0.55, and 0.55 after 10, 20, 30 minutes of laser acupuncture ($$p{\leq_-}0.006$$), respectively. Other pulse qualities, floating or sinking, slow or rapid, choppy or slippery did not change significantly by laser acupuncture (p > 0.05). Pulse waveform analysis showed that amplitude of main peak (systolic function or aortic compliance, $h_1$) of left and right artery pulse waves decreased significantly after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture (p < 0.05). Other parameters, duration of one cardiac cycle (T), duration of rapid systolic ejection ($T_1$), duration of the systolic phase ($T_4$), and duration of the diastolic phase ($T_5$) of left and right artery pulses did not change significantly after laser acupuncture (p > 0.05).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.149-163
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• 2002

Objective : We have studied literatures of Renying Qi mouth comparison pulse diagnosis theory and distinguished the excess, deficiency and quick-temper of pulse as the measurement parameter of Renying Qi mouth pulse diagnosis. Methods : We have acquired pulse signals of Renying Qi mouth by using diagnostic equipment of Renying Qi mouth pulsation and estimated reappearance of pulse signals. Results : 1. The measurement parameter of Renying Qi mouth pulse diagnosis distinguishes the excess, deficiency and quick-temper of pulse through relative comparison of Renying Qi mouth. 2. When we acquired the pulse singals of Renying Qi mouth by using diagnostic equipment, the property, measuring area, bias pressure, contact or adhesion state of the sensor are considered. 3. As getting the pulse signal of Renying Qi mouth, the sensor of a sound detective mode is effective. 4. The diagnostic equipment of Renying Qi mouth pulse is assessed as being significant reappearance.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2009

The Pulse diagnosis is in the boundary of the Four Examinations, and it is called 切診, or palpation. It has a great impact on people in reminding of the Traditional Medicine that it is probably the first thing that people think of when they hear about Traditional Medicine. Hu-Jun quoted in the Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" that the doctor finds out the deficiency and the excess of the meridian of the patiant through the pulse, and that it is of the utmost necessity to know the "deficiency and the excess" of the meridian to decide the formula (君臣佐使) of the herbal medicine and the acupuncture/moxibustion treatment. The research on the studies of pulse diagnosis have been concentrated on the origin, history, and the theory of the pulse diagnosis throughout the years; however, the number of research on the image from the classics on pulse diagnosis have been less. With this in mind, this paper was written to study more on the origin and the history of the pulse diagnosis as well as to study on the image of pulse diagnosis shown on the classics on Traditional Medicine in China and Korea. The history of the pulse diagnosis has its root on the attempt to find out what is happening inside the body through the indication of the small changes of the pulse that is shown on the outer boundaries of the body. There were various kinds of pulse diagnosis including "Three positions and nine indicators method" and "Carotid pulsation and wrist pulse method" in the ancient period, and wrist pulse-taking method became the most popular since the completion of studying on palpation by 初보. The image of the palpation helps the rudimentary practitioners of Traditional Medicine. They are divided into two large categories, which are the area of diagnosis and the shape of the pulse itself. The historical classics including the image of the pulse diagnosis can be found since the Song Dynasty of China. There are various kinds of image of pulse diagnosis in the classic such as "The picture of the hand meridian" from "脈訣指掌病式圖說", "The picture of the image of meridian" from "察病指南", "The picture of the Seven exterior and Eight interior" from "校正圖注脈訣", and "The picture of the six parts of meridian" from Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑". The Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine "東醫寶鑑" have analyzed the basic theories and made up the standards of pulse diagnosis by establishing "The picture of the six parts of meridian" based on "The method of placing the viscera and bowels corresponding to cun-guan-qi, or the meridian".

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.137-149
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• 2007

Diagnostic method by taking pulse is generally accepted as a clinical diagnosis of today. Theoretical foundation of the method was laid by "Hwangjenaegyeong" and "Nangyeong". Since then, it was quoted by "Sanghallon" and systematically applied to diagnoses by making a diagnosis in the light of pulse condition and symptoms observed so that the original form of the method was shaped thereby. And therefore, theoretical significance of diagnostic method by taking pulse was drawn in this paper to define the theory of pulse feeling. Furthermore, this paper is corroborative of that the purpose of diagnostic method by taking pulse is to diagnose pyo-lee and jang-bu; wind-cold-warmth-heat; and deficiency and excess of gi and blood as well as substantially prove it with the texts of "Sanghallon".

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.534-539
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• 2009

Deficiency and excess pattern differentiation is unique characteristic of traditional oriental medicine on diagnosis and treatment. This differentiation is accomplished through pulse, tongue diagnosis and question examination, but most of these processes need to be objectified for efficacious treatment and traditional medicine development. In this study, we developed the deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire for objectification of question examination. The deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire was made out through The Traditional Oriental Medical Literature with Delphi Technique. Patients who visited oriental medical hospital filled out the questionnaire by themselves. Diagnosis of deficiency and excess pattern are conducted separately by oriental medical doctors with more than 5 years' clinical experience. Various physical condition factors were derived for the deficiency and excess pattern questionnaire. (Ordinary health degree, pain pattern, fatigue, weight change, sweating, uncomfortable awareness on chest and abdomen) Deficiency symptoms group acquired internal consistency, but excess symptoms group did not. (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ > 0.6) There were significant associations between doctor's diagnosis and deficiency and excess symptoms in 'ordinary heath degree', 'voice weakening', and 'chest distress' (p-value < 0.1) There were significant differences between deficiency and excess syndrome patients groups in deficiency questionnaire score but there were no significant differences between deficiency and excess syndrome patients groups in excess questionnaire score. We acquired the internal consistency and significant result of deficiency pattern questionnaire, but we can find out some difficulties in development of the excess pattern questionnaire. These difficulties are associated with insufficiency description of traditional literature and small number of patients diagnosed as excess pattern.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.149-157
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to research whether Inyeong Chon spot pulse(人迎氣口脈) could be used on application of Ohaeng-acupuncture(五行鍼法). Methods : I research ${\ll}$Naegyeong${\gg}$(內經) and annotations were excerpted and record that notied the Inyeong Chon spot pulse(人迎氣口脈). Results : Comparison of Inyeong Chon spot pulse and Deficiency Excess syndrome of meridian system is useful to use Zheng Ge(正格) and Sheng Ge(勝格) of Ohaeng-acupuncture(五行鍼法) but in application of Han Ge(寒格) and Re Ge(熱格), Inyeong Chon spot pulse(人迎氣口脈) is not useful.