• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.324-333
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• 2010

Purpose: Fever is a common symptom of illness in children that is often misunderstood and inappropriately managed by parents. The purposes of this study were to investigate perception, knowledge of childhood fever and fever management and self-efficacy in fever management by parents and to identify the relationship between knowledge of childhood fever and fever management, and self-efficacy in management of fever. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was used with 101 parents of children ages 3 months to 5 yr who were seen in a pediatric outpatient clinic. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: Many parents reported a high level of fear about fever and its possible complications. Most parents used over-the-counter medications to reduce fever even when their children had mild to moderate fever. The mean correct percent on the knowledge scale was 51.0%. Most parents did not recognize the benefits of fever. There were statistically significant positive correlations between knowledge of fever and fever management and self-efficacy in management of fever. Conclusion: The results indicate a need to develop and evaluate educational programs that will provide parent education on fever and fever management.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to investigate daycare teachers' knowledge, anxiety and management of childhood fever and to identify factors affecting their management of childhood fever. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was conducted. Participants were 109 daycare center teachers from G metropolitan city. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: The mean percent of correct answers for knowledge about childhood fever was 42.9%. Levels of anxiety related to children's fever were high among day care teachers in this study. Many daycare center teachers used management practices which were not recommended for childhood fever management. There was a statistically significant difference in participants' knowledge about childhood fever by marital status and having a child. Moreover, there were statistically significant positive correlation between daycare center teachers' knowledge and management and negative correlation between daycare center teachers' anxiety and management of childhood fever. Knowledge and anxiety related to childhood fever accounted for 15.2% of variance for fever management. Conclusion: Results show that day care teachers' knowledge and anxiety related to fever are important factors in predicting their fever management. Development and evaluation of educational interventions to improve daycare teachers' childhood fever management are recommended.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2019

Milk fever is a metabolic disease with manifestation of clinical signs due to hypocalcemia, which usually occurs within 48-72 h after delivery. However, even after a successful treatment of milk fever, recurrence of milk fever may occur, and studies on recurrent milk fever are still lacking. Accordingly, the present study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the characteristics of recurrent milk fever according to farm, season, parity, and dystocia that can cause physiological changes in the mother during peri- and postpartum periods. The analysis results showed that the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever according to breeding farm was 5.7%-14.1% and 3.1%-7.2%, respectively, demonstrating a positive correlation between the initial and recurrent milk fever (r = 0.613, p < 0.01). With respect to season, the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever during summer was 12.3% and 7.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of other seasons (p < 0.05). In addition, the recurrence rate, the ratio of recurrence relative to initial milk fever, was highest during summer with 62.7%. Regarding parity, the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever in 3rd parity was 11.1% and 5.8%, respectively, which was significantly higher than in 1st and 2nd parity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the recurrence rate in 4th parity was 64.1%, showing a pattern of increase in incidence rate with increase in parity. Finally, there were no differences in the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever according to eutocia and dystocia. The findings indicated that the incidence rate of initial milk fever should be reduced to effectively prevent the recurrent milk fever, while animals with 3rd parity or higher should be expected to occur high rate of recurrent milk fever, especially during summer, and the necessary preparations should be made for intensive treatment of such individuals.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.190-200
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify correlations between how much fever management information mothers obtained from the internet and their actual knowledge and practices of fever management. Methods: This was a descriptive survey of 172 mothers with children aged between 0 and 3 attending five daycare centers located in the city of Daegu. Descriptive statistics, the independent t-test or one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: In total, 75% of the mothers had searched the internet for information on fever management. The overwhelming majority (92.2%) used information from the internet to help manage fever in their children. Positive correlations were found between acquiring fever management information from the internet and fever management practices (r=.18, p=.038), and between mother's knowledge and practices of fever management (r=.27, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, to improve fever management practices, it is necessary to increase mothers' knowledge. Therefore, resources should be developed to augment mothers' knowledge of fever management through the internet.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 2010

Purpose: The purposes of this review were to identify whether available evidence supports the nursing interventions that are commonly used to reduce fever in children and to introduce research findings into practice. Methods: Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 1990 to 2009 were searched. The search terms were fever, febrile convulsion, fever management, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, temperature, external cooling, tepid sponge bath, and physical treatment. Results: Evidence suggests that uncomplicated fever is relatively harmless, but it is an important immunological defense. Antipyretics should not routinely be used with the sole aim of reducing body temperature in children with fever who are otherwise well. Currently a lack of evidence supports the practice of alternating acetaminophen and ibuprofen, and the routine use of tepid sponge bath. Conclusion: Currently, fever management in children does not reflect research evidence. Pediatric nurses can play an important role by encouraging clinical research in this area and also by enhancing research utilization in their practice. Moreover, pediatric nurses can educate parents about evidence-based fever management. Evidence-based educational interventions for pediatric nurses need to be developed and evaluated to improve the quality of nursing care in the management of childhood fever.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.344-349
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• 2021

Background: Cancer patients have been disproportionally affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with high rates of severe outcomes and mortality. Fever is the most common symptom in COVID-19 patients. During the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians may have difficulty in determining the cause of fever (COVID-19, another infection, or cancer fever) in cancer patients. Furthermore, there are no specific guidelines for managing cancer patients with fever during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with fever during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 328 cancer patients with COVID-19 symptoms (fever) admitted to five hospitals in Daegu, Korea from January to October 2020. We obtained data on demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, chest computed tomography images, cancer history, cancer treatment, and outcomes of all enrolled patients from electronic medical records. Results: The most common COVID-19-like symptoms were fever (n=256, 78%). Among 256 patients with fever, only three (1.2%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Most patients (253, 98.8%) with fever were not diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common solid malignancies were lung cancer (65, 19.8%) and hepatobiliary cancer (61, 18.6%). Twenty patients with fever experienced a delay in receiving cancer treatment. Eighteen patients discontinued active cancer treatment because of fever. Major events during the treatment delay period included death (2.7%), cancer progression (1.5%), and major organ dysfunction (2.7%). Conclusion: Considering that only 0.9% of patients tested for COVID-19 were positive, screening for COVID-19 in cancer patients with fever should be based on the physician's clinical decision, and patients might not be routinely tested.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.1237-1244
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• 2021

Objectives: Drug fever and procedure-related fever are the causes of nosocomial fever. Oriental medicine has been practiced in Asia and is now being practiced as an alternative medicine in western countries. No data are available on the incidence of drug fever and procedure-related fever in oriental medical hospitals (OMHs). The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of drug fever related to oriental herbal medicine and oriental medical procedure-related fever. Methods: This was a retrospective study at one OMH of a university medical institute in Seoul, Korea, conducted from June 2006 to June 2013. Results: Overall, 95 episodes of drug fever occurred among 10880 patients treated with herbal medicine (0.89%). Peak body temperature was 38.37±0.58 ℃, and the fever lasted for 1.0 day (range 1.0-17.0 days). Eosinophilia was found in 15 patients (15.79%) and 8 patients developed toxic hepatitis (8.42%). Five patients had a drug-related skin rash (5.26%). The most common ingredients of the herbal medicines associated with drug fever were licorice, Angelica gigas root, and white Atractylodes rhizome. In total, 16 episodes of procedure-related fever (0.20%) occurred in 8125 patients treated with oriental medical procedures. The peak body temperature was 38.26±0.51 ℃, and the fever lasted for 1.0 day (range 1.0-3.0 days). Among various oriental medical procedures, moxibustion was the most common procedure related to fever, followed by acupuncture. Conclusions: The incidence of drug fever and procedure-related fever in oriental medicine is not high compared with the incidence in western medicine.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2009

Purpose: Fever is a common problem in children. Misconceptions about fever are exacerbated by variations in knowledge and practice of pediatric nurses. The purposes of this study were to identify the knowledge and attitude toward fever and its management and to identify the relationship between knowledge and attitude. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was conducted with 114 pediatric nurses in G city. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test or ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The mean percent of correct responses for physiology of fever, fever management and antipyretics was 51.3%. Knowledge of antipyretics was lower than knowledge of other items with 29.2% correct. Both positive and negative attitudes were discovered. Pediatric nurses' in this study reported negative attitudes toward beneficial effects of fever and positive attitudes toward use of antipyretics to prevent febrile convulsions and reduction of temperatures as low as $38.3^{\circ}C$. There was no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and attitude related to fever management. Conclusion: The findings suggest that improvements are needed in management practices of pediatric nurses. Educational interventions to increase knowledge of fever management by pediatric nurses and to strengthen positive attitudes about childhood fever are recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.119-128
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• 2001

Objectives: Daechu (Dazhui: GV 14 (Governor Vessel))-point is located between the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and that of the 1st thoracic vertebra. GV 14 has been used to treat high fever, neck pain, common cold, headache and so on. Fever may badly affect the improvement of stroke patients, so we investigated whether wet-cupping at GV 14 had effects on fever. Methods: In this study, 100 stroke patients were studied from Nov. 1999 to Oct. 2000. They were divided into the Sample group (n=49) and Control group (n=5l). The Sample group (n=49) was divided into Sample-Severe (n=2l), Sample-Mild (n=12), and Sample-Normal groups (n=16) and the Control group (n=5l) was divided into Control-Severe (n=8) and Control-Mild (n=43). We checked body temperature 6 times (just before treatment, after 30 ruin., 60, 90, 120 (2 hrs.), and 240 ruin. (4 hrs.)) in the Sample group and 3 times (just before treatment, after 120 min. (2 hrs.), and 240 ruin. (4 hrs.)) in the Control group. Results: In comparison with fever between before treatment and after 2 and 4 hours in each group, fever in the Sample subgroups decreased significantly in all cases, fever in the Control subgroups didn't decrease significantly in most cases except fever after 4 hours in the Control-Mild group. In comparison with fever differences between the Sample and Control group, fever of the Sample group more significantly decreased than that of the Control group in all comparisons. In comparison with fever among sample subgroups, fever of the Sample-Severe group decreased more than that of the Sample-Mild group but it was not significant. Conclusions: This study suggested that wet-cupping at GV 14 has significant effects on fever in stroke patients. We hope that this treatment will be used more widely as an emergent treatment.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.273-278
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• 2020

The milk fever and mastitis that occur during the colostrum period in dairy cattle cause great damage in the dairy industry by causing a rapid decline in the cattle's health and decreasing milk production. In order to prevent this, gradual milking (GM), calcium injection with gradual milking (CG), and calcium injection with complete milking (CC) methods are used. However, differences in effectiveness between these methods have not been established. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of each preventive method on milk fever and mastitis. The results of this study showed that while there was a significant negative correlation of GM with milk fever and mastitis (r = -0.657, p < 0.05), there was no correlation of CG and CC with milk fever and mastitis. The incidence of milk fever was significantly lower in CG and CC than in GM (p < 0.05) but no differences in the incidence of mastitis were observed between the three groups. No significant differences in the rate of recovery from milk fever and mastitis were observed between the three groups. The recurrence rate of milk fever was significantly higher in CG and CC than in GM (p < 0.05), though no differences in the recurrence rate of mastitis were observed. This study showed an inverse relationship between the incidence rates of milk fever and mastitis when calcium injection was not used during the colostrum period. When calcium injections were used, the incidence of milk fever was reduced without affecting the incidence of mastitis regardless of the milking method, but the recurrence rate of milk fever was increased. The results of this study would be useful for controlling blood calcium concentrations and establishing efficient milking strategy in order to effectively prevent milk fever and mastitis in dairy cattle during the colostrum period.