• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives : Herbal medicinal mixture (JMB) are consisted of Caryophylli Flos, Aucklandiae Radix and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix. Each of herbal medicines has studied on anti-oxidant effect. So this study was conducted to investigate efficacy and potency of JMB on anti-oxidation. Methods : The JMB was extracted at room temperature by 80% ethanol. And total polyphenol contents, total flavonoid contents in JMB ethanol extract were determined by colorimetric method. Also, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of JMB ethanol extract were measured at 100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations by spectrometric assay. Positive control was used BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Results : The total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 55.38 mg/TAEg, 513.72 mg/RUEg, respectively. Also, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of JMB ethanol extract in treated concentrations (100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased dose dependently. In particular, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of JMB ethanol extract at 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was similar to positive control (BHA) at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of JMB ethanol extract at 500, 1000, 5000 ug/ml was similar to BHA at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Also, reducing power was showed that JMB ethanol extract at $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was similar to BHA at high concentration (50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Conclusions : These results suggest that JMB ethanol extract has effects to scavenge free radicals. Therefore, JMB has potential and applicable benefits for development of materials and products to have anti-oxidation functions.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2010

The antioxidant activity of hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge var. typica Schneider) extracts was investigated by several in vitro antioxidants properties, including DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power activity, iron-chelating capacity and nitrite scavenging activity. Among the extracts in this study, the 70% EtOH extract showed higher antioxidant activity than the others. The $IC_{50}$ value of DPPH free radical scavenging activity was $99.26\;{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the 70% EtOH extract also showed significantly high total phenolic and flavonoids contents and reducing power activity. However, the MeOH extract exhibited stronger effects on hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, iron-chelating capacity and nitrite scavenging activity. All the results implicated that, the hawthorn fruit may has the available potential to be utilize as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2005

Hygrophila auriculata (K. Schum.) Heine is a wild herb commonly found in moist places on the banks of tanks, ditches and paddy fields throughout India and is one of the main sources of Ayurvedic 'Rasayana' drug. The free radical scavenging potential of 50% aqueous alcoholic extract of H. auriculata (HAEt) was studied for DPPH scavenging activity, nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and ferryl bipyridyl complex scavenging activity along with lipid peroxidation and total antioxidant capacity inhibition using Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in rat liver homogenate. Integral antioxidative capacity was determined by photochemiluminescence assay. HAEt showed good radical scavenging activity at various concentrations $(200-1000\;{\mu}g/ml)$ against 1,1 diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (32.32-77.02%) with moderate scavenging activity against Nitric oxide (12.46-52.84%), hydroxyl radical (11.69-55.26%), ferryl bipyridyl complex (17.66-58.67%) and lipid peroxidation (0.829-0.416nmoles/mg protein). The above results indicate HAEt to be very effective antioxidant. It was suggested that the varied therapeutic activities claimed for the plant in the Indian indigenous systems of medicine may be in the part due to the free radical scavenging and/ or potent antioxidant activity.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2007

Antioxidant activity of 70% aqueous ethanolic extract of leaves of Justicia gendarussa (EJ) was evaluated. EJ was prepared by cold maceration method. The antioxidant potency of EJ was investigated employing various established in vitro systems, such as DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, ${\beta}-carotene$ linoleic acid module system (${\beta}$ CLAMS), hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging, anti lipid peroxidation. $IC_{50}$ values were determined in each experiment. Also, ferric ion reduction capacity of extracts in presence and absence of chelating agent (EDTA) and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Preliminary phytochemical investigation was carried out to know the nature of constituents present in the leaves and correlate it with antioxidant activity. Further total phenolic content was determined in EJ. $IC_{50}$ values of EJ were 123.09 ${\pm}$ 3.01, 643.0 ${\pm}$ 61.10, 132.3 ${\pm}$ 6.03, 68.5 ${\pm}$ 11.5 and 68.13 ${\pm}$ 1.38 ${\mu}g/mL$ in DPPH radical scavenging, NO scavenging, ${\beta}$ CLAMS, OH radical scavenging and anti lipid peroxidation activity respectively. In total antioxidant capacity assay, ascorbic acid equivalent value was found to be 205.56 ${\pm}$ 4.69 ${\mu}g/mg$ of extract. Total phenolic content was found to be 43.76 ${\pm}$ 4.27 ${\mu}g$ equivalent of gallic acid per mg of extract. Phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of flavonoids. The results indicate that EJ possess antioxidant activity and flavonoids are responsible for this activity.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from five medicinal plants, Aralia continentalis, Paeonia suffruticosa, Magnolia denudata, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia, to neutralize hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical and peroxynitrite was examined using the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radical was generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP); hydroxyl radical by an iron-ascorbate Fenton reaction; peroxynitrite by spontaneous decomposition of 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1). The oxidants generated react with $\alpha$-keto-$\gamma$-methiolbutyric acid (KMBA) to yield ethylene, and the TOSC of the substances tested is quantified from their ability to inhibit ethylene formation. Extracts from P. suffruticosa, M. denudata, and S. tenuifolia were determined to be potent peroxyl radical scavenging agents with a specific TOSC (sTOSC) being at least six-fold greater than that of glutathione (GSH). These three plants also showed sTOSCs toward peroxynitrite markedly greater than sTOSC of GSH, however, only P. suffruticosa revealed a significant hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. Seven major active constituents isolated from P. suffruticosa, quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, gallic acid, benzoic acid, benzoyl paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin, were determined for their antioxidant potential toward peroxynitrite, peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals. Quercetin, (+)-catechin, methyl gallate, and gallic acid exhibited sTOSCs 40~85 times greater than sTOSC of GSH. These four components also showed a peroxynitrite scavenging capacity higher than at least 10-fold of GSH. For antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical, methyl gallate was greatest followed by gallic acid and quercetin. Further studies need to be conducted to substantiate the significance of scavenging a specific oxidant in the prevention of cellular injury and disease states caused by the reactive free radical species.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2002

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

Objectives : Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were well known as anti-oxidant, but they were limited to use because of toxicity. So, many studies are being done to develope natural anti-oxidant. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents along with total antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of Plantaginis Herba (PH) were evaluated to explore the reliable and potential sources of novel natural antioxidants. Methods : Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents in PH ethanol extract were determined by colorimetric method. And DPPH(1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS(2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Surfonicacid)) free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power inhibition activities of PH ethanol extract were measured at 100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentrations by spectrometric assay. Results : The total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 161.99 mg/g, 144.05 mg/g, respectively. Also, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of PH ethanol extract in treated concentrations (100, 500, 1000, $5000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) increased dose dependently. In particular, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to positive control (BHA). ABTS free radical scavenging capacity of PH ethanol extract from $1000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly higher than BHA. Also, reducing power showed that PH ethanol extract from $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ was significantly increased compared to BHA. Conclusions : These results suggest that PH ethanol extract has effects to scavenge free radicals, thus PH has potential and applicable benefits for development of materials and products to have anti-oxidation functions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Objective : This study was designed to investigate effect of immature fruits from Citrus unshiu Markovich to mature them on antioxidative and antiaging-related enzyme activities in vitro. Methods : Fruits from Open field-cultivated C. unshiu Markovich (ripe and unripe fruits of Citri) made a purchase in Jeju island. We measured total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in mature C. unshiu Markovich (MC) and immature C. unshiu Markovich (IMC) 70% ethanol extract. DPPH free radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in both extracts were determined. Also, reducing power, SOD-like activities, elastase inhibition, and collagenase inhibition activities of these extract were assayed at 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/㎖. Results : The total polyphenol contents in the ethanol extract of IMC were higher than those of MC (26.99 ± 0.89 mg/TAEg). And total flavonoid contents in them were very similar to both extract (MC; 7.25 ± 0.4 mg/RUEg and IMC; 7.44 ± 0.18 mg/RUEg). DPPH free radical scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and SOD-like activities of IMC-treated group showed significant increase compared to those of MC group in all treated concentrations. Particularly, DPPH free radical scavenging and elastase inhibition activities in IMC-treated group at 5 mg/㎖ showed similar with positive control group. Besides, IMC extract at 5 mg/㎖ concentration surpassed positive control (BHA or Vit. C) in SOD-like activities and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Conclusion : These results suggest that IMC ethanol extract may be used as a natural antioxidant and a antiaging material for development of functional foods and cosmeceuticals.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2013

Bromotopsentin (BSM) is a bisindole alkaloid compound, which is recognized as a metabolite of the marine sponge Spongosorites sp. In this study, the antioxidant activity of BSM was investigated. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, the superoxide radical scavenging (NBT) assay, the lipid peroxidation and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of BSM. It was found that BSM had stronger scavenging activity on the stable free radical DPPH and superoxide radical than L-ascorbic acid with an $IC_{50}$ value of 62 and 64 ${\mu}M$, respectively. The TEAC value which indicated the total antioxidant capacity of BSM was about 0.8, which was also stronger than L-ascorbic acid. About 1.3 ${\mu}M$ of BSM induced 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation. 60 nM of BSM exhibited a significant protective activity against DNA strand scission by hydroxyl radical on pBR322 DNA. Taken together, we suggest that BSM possesses strong antioxidant activity, and could be a valuable new addition to the list of anti-aging chemotherapeutic agents.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) is a member of the Saxifragaceae family. The plant is traditionally used in Mongolia for the treatment of various ailments associated with kidney and bladder's diseases, cystitis, kidney stone, and edema. This study was aimed to investigate antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of whole Pall plants, based on ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) ($ABTS{\cdot}+$) radical scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl ($DPPH{\cdot}$), and hydroxyl (${\cdot}OH$) radical scavenging activities. Additionally, total flavonoids and phenolic contents (TPC) were also determined. The ethyl acetate extract of RDP (EARDP) had a remarkable radical scavenging capacity with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.1482 mg/mL. In addition, EARDP was shown to be higher in total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the methanol extract of RDP (MRDP). Moreover, the EARDP had the predominant antioxidant capacity, DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. These results suggest a potential for R. diacanthum Pall extract as a functional medicinal material against free-radical-associated oxidative damage.