• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

Colostrum has lots of bioactive components and many growth factors including insulin-like growth factors, transforming growth factors and epidermal growth factor. Colostrum and milk derived growth factors widely mediate the growth of overall development and could be used as treatment of gastrointestinal disorder, wound repair process, bioacrivity in the neonatal GI tract and induction of oral tolerance. It is possible that milk derived growth factors as potential neutraceuticals for the specific consumers may have a great role in future food industry.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.23-56
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• 2023

To investigate the causes of Korea's growth slowdown over the past thirty years, we estimate the contributions of major developmental factors, including i) demographic factors (changes in population growth and workforce age due to the demographic transition), ii) quality-of-life-related choice factors (changes in working hours, education, and the female employment rate), iii) structural change, and iv) the effects of productivity catch-up. Our estimates show that these four groups of factors account for approximately 90 percent of the growth slowdown, with demographic factors contributing approximately 30 percent and the other three groups of factors each contributing about 20 percent. We also show that the same factors explain most of Korea's high growth in the 1980s. These results suggest that Korea's growth slowdown is basically a consequence of its successful economic development and that the high growth and subsequent slowdown can be regarded as a single process. In addition, given that the factors examined here exhibit similar patterns of change in the course of economic development of most countries, we think that our estimation results of the relationship between economic development and changes in economic growth trends could have more general implications that go beyond Korea's experience.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2023

Cultured meat is a potential sustainable food generated by the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of MSCs are of primary interest for cultured meat production. MSC proliferation and differentiation are influenced by a variety of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2 and FGF-21), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and by hormones like insulin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. In this review, we investigated the roles of growth factors and hormones during cultured meat production because these factors provide signals for MSC growth and structural stability. The aim of this article is to provide the important idea about different growth factors such as FGF (enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation), IGF-1 (increase the number of myoblasts), PDGF (myoblast proliferation), TGF-β1 (muscle repair) and hormones such as insulin (cell survival and growth), testosterone (muscle fiber size), dexamethasone (myoblast proliferation and differentiation), and thyroid hormones (amount and diameter of muscle fibers and determine the usual pattern of fiber distributions) as media components during myogenesis for cultured meat production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1690-1694
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• 2003

The large and rapid changes of glucose utilization in lactating mammary tissue in response to changes in nutritional state must be largely related by external signal of insulin. This also must be related with the quantity and composition of the diet in vivo. To characterize the mode of growth factors and gut regulatory peptides with insulin, in vitro experiment was conducted with HC11 cells. All the growth factor alone and the combinations of growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased in glucose uptake. Insulin, EGF and IGF-1 exhibited a stimulation of glucose uptake for at least 24 h. Furthermore, the highest (p<0.05) synergistic effect was shown in EGF plus IGF-1 and the second synergistic effect in insulin plus EGF while no synergistic effect was found between insulin and IGF-1. However, the gut regulatory peptides neither potentiated nor inhibited the action of insulin on glucose uptake. Although growth factors did not modulates glucose uptake via increasing the rate of translation of the GLUT1 protein, RT-PCR analysis indicated that the growth factors significantly (p<0.05) increased the expression of GLUT1. The growth factors are therefore shown to be capable of modulating glucose uptake by transcription level with insulin in HC 11 cells.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.125-131
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• 2013

Biologically active peptides, including growth factors and cytokines, participate in various biological processes in human skin. They could provide a great advantage of maintaining healthy skin. Many peptide growth factors like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and human growth hormone (hGH) have been used in cosmetic formulations. The delivery of peptide growth factors across the Stratum corneum, however, seems not sufficient because of their physical properties such as high molecular weight and hydrophilicity. So increasing the penetration of growth factors of interest into skin would be a major concern for ensuring their maximum biological efficacy. In this study, we have identified several skin penetration-enhancing peptides which facilitate delivery of growth factors, when fused at N-terminus of the target protein, into skin. For efficient and rapid screening, we constructed a skin-penetrating assay system using Franz cell and porcine skin. Next, we carried out phage display screening using M-13 bacteriophage with random 12 -amino acid library on its coat protein P3 on that system. After several selection rounds, peptide sequences facilitate the penetration of phages through the porcine skin were identified from a large population of phages. We found that phages with the most potent peptide (S3-2, NGSLNTHLAPIL) could penetrate the porcine skin eight times more than those with control peptide (12 mino acids scrambled peptide). Furthermore, growth factors conjugated with S3-2 peptide penetrate porcine skin three to five times efficiently than non-conjugated growth factors. In conclusion, our data shows that the skin penetration-enhancing peptide we have characterized could increase the delivery of growth factors and is useful for cosmeceutical application.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2014

The majority of early embryonic mortality in pregnancy occurs during the peri-implantation stage, suggesting that this period is important for conceptus viability and the establishment of pregnancy. Successful establishment of pregnancy in all mammalian species depends on the orchestrated molecular events that transpire at the conceptus-uterine interface during the peri-implantation period. This maternal-conceptus interaction is especially crucial in pigs because in them non-invasive epitheliochorial placentation occurs, in which the pre-implantation phase is prolonged. During the pre-implantation period, conceptus survival and the establishment of pregnancy are known to depend on the developing conceptus receiving an adequate supply of histotroph, which contains a wide range of nutrients and growth factors. Evidence links growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) to embryogenesis or implantation in various mammalian species; however, in the case of pig, little is known about such functions of these growth factors, especially their regulatory mechanisms at the maternal-conceptus interface. Our research group has presented evidence for promising growth factors affecting cellular activities of primary porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cells, and we have identified potential intracellular signaling pathways responsible for the activities induced by these factors. Therefore, this review focuses on promising growth factors at the maternal-conceptus interface regulating the development of the porcine conceptus and playing pivotal roles in implantation events during early pregnancy in pigs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 1987

Relationships between soil factors and the growth of annual ring of Pinus densiflora grown on stony mountain were investigated at two sites of the different parent rocks: the one was formed by granite at Mt. Gwanag, Seoul and the other feldspar porphyry at Mt. Bipa, Daegu. The growth of annual ring was influenced by the physical factors of soil, such as soil depth, field caacity and water content of soil, rather than by the KDICical factors, such as total nitrogen, potassium, and calcium of soil. Of the soil factors affecting the growth of annual ring, soil depth, field capacity, water content of soil and organic matter closely interrelated with each other. All of these factors influenced water content of soil which might affect the water potential of Pinus densiflora leaves. In fact, the leaf water potential, affecting as the main factor for the growth of annual ring, of the pine grown in a deep soil was higher than that of the pine in a shallow soil.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.7-14
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• 2019

Purpose: In Korea, win-win growth policy has been successfully implemented in supply chain and logistics management. In the policy, it is recommended to support supply chain partners with various mechanisms including financial and technical aids. This study attempts to scientifically analyze the effects of direct and indirect win-win growth policy factors on supply chain and logistics management performance through partnership factors. Research design, data and methodology: This study builds a structural equation model reflecting the relationship between the win-win growth policy, partnership and performance factors. The proposed model is verified with the PLS (Partial Least Squares regression) methodology. Data from shipper and logistics companies were collected and analyzed by the PLS model. Results: The analysis showed that both direct and indirect policy factors are meaningful to improve supply chain and logistics performance. Indirect support factors including R&D, management innovation, human resources development and educational supports have positive impacts on partnership factors. Direct support factors including financial aids and fairness also have positive impacts on the performance. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in that it suggests a turning point in which supply chain Win-win growth and partnership efforts are perceived as new value-creating mechanism rather than unilateral cost reduction for logistics industry.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.350-354
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• 2000

The growth promotion of a Taxus brevifolia cell suspension culture was investigated using conditioning factors. The conditioning factors produced and secreted from cultured cells usually stimulate cell division and the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, the effective incubation time for the optimal secretion of conditioning factors was firstly determined for the promotion of cell growth. Conditioned media obtained by cultivating for 2 and 5 days showed the promotion of initial cell growth during the early cell growth period. However, the positive effect of the conditioning factors on the initial cell growth did not continue because of the depletion of the medium nutrients. Accordingly, the addition of a carbon source to the conditioned medium prolonged the positive effect on the cell growth. The addition of sucrose to the conditioned medium resulted in the maximum cell density being reached 4 days earlier compared to the control group and an increased substrate yield.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.90-99
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• 2023

This paper deals with studying strategy about impact of deep learning (DL) on the factor of Korean economic growth. To study classification of impact factors of Korean economic growth, we suggest dynamic equation of microeconomy and study methods on economic growth impact of deep learning. Next step is to suggest DL model to dynamic equation with Korean economy data with growth related factors to classify what factor is import and dominant factors to build policy and education. DL gives an influence in many areas because it can be implemented with ease as just normal editing works and speak including code development by using huge data. Currently, young generations will take a big impact on their job selection because generative AI can do well as much as humans can do it everywhere. Therefore, policy and education methods should be rearranged as new paradigm. However, government and officers do not understand well how it is serious in policy and education. This paper provides method of policy and education for AI education including generative AI through analysing many papers and reports, and experience.