• BMB Reports
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of altering relative intakes of fat and carbohydrates on serum lipid profiles, hepatic acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I), and the acetyl-CoA carboxlyase (ACC) mRNA level in Sprague-Dawley rats. For four weeks the rats were fed either an AIN-76 diet or one of its modified diets that were supplemented with 20% beef tallow (high-fat diet, HF) and 66.3% sucrose (highsucrose diet, HS). The HS group had significantly higher serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations when compared with the other groups. Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations in the HS and HF groups were significantly higher when compared to the normal diet (ND) group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the ND and HS groups were significantly higher than those of the HF group. The hepatic total lipid level of the HF group was significantly higher than those of other groups; triglyceride levels of the HS and HF groups were significantly higher than those of the ND group. Hepatic ACS mRNA levels of the HF group were significantly higher than those of the ND group. Hepatic CPT-I mRNA levels were higher in the HF group than other groups. Also, ACC mRNA levels in the liver increased in the HF group. In conclusion, changes in the composition of dietary fat and carbohydrates could affect the hepatic ACS, CPT-I, and ACC mRNA levels. These results facilitate our understanding of the coordinated regulation of the ACS, CPT-I, and ACC mRNA levels and will serve to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of fatty acid metabolism.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 산수유, 목단피, 산약, 숙지황, 지골피, 야생배의 한약재 물 추출물이 당대사 관련 효소인 GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현정도에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. HepG2 세포에 대한 세포독성을 측정한 결과, GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현량을 측정하기 위한 물 추출물의 농도 범위는 세포 생존율에 영향을 주지 않는 100, 250, 500 ppm로 결정하였다. GCK mRNA 발현은 100 ppm에서 숙지황 물 추출물이 165%로 가장 높게 나타났고, 250 ppm에서는 숙지황과 지골피 물 추출물이 각각 180%, 154%로 높았으며, 500 ppm에서는 산수유(195%), 목단피 (157%), 야생배 (139%), 산약 (122%), 지골피 (117%), 숙지황 (113%)의 순으로 GCK mRNA 발현이 증가되었다. PDH mRNA 발현량은 250 ppm 농도에서 지골피, 숙지황 물추출물에서 각각 141%, 118% 증가되었고, 500 ppm에서는 지골피, 숙지황 물 추출물에서 각각 191%, 124% 증가되었다. ACC mRNA 발현량은 500 ppm에서 지골피 (188%), 숙지황 (126%)로 가장 높게 나타났다. 결과적으로 GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현량을 증가시킬 수 있는 소재로 산수유, 숙지황, 지골피 등을 꼽을 수 있겠으며 이들 소재들은 식후 혈당상승을 억제할 수 있는 항당뇨 천연소재로 이용될 수 있음을 제시하였다.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.589-597
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• 1998

Effects of Mori Folium Ethanol Soluble Fraction (MFESF) on mRNA expression of glucose transporters, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and leptin were examined in db/db mice. 500 and 1000mg/kg dose for MFESF (designated by SY 500 and SY 1000, respectively) and 5mg/kg dose for acarbose were administered for 6 weeks. Quantitations of glucose transporters (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4), ACC and leptin mRNA were performed by RT-PCR and in vitro transcription with co-amplification of rat ${\beta}$-actin gene as an internal standard. Muscular GLUT-4 mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups were increased dose dependently. On the other hand, MFESF caused the GLLT-4 and leptin mRNA expressions in adipose tissue to decrease dose dependently, which means that triglyceride synthesis in adipocytes might be decreased and consequently signals adipocytes to inhibit the synthesis and release of leptin. Hepatic ACC mRNA expression in MFESF-treated groups was also decreased. and this may result in lowering of serum triiglyceride level. In contrast, liver GLUT-2 mRNA expressions in MFESF-treated and acarbose groups were increased. Higher rate of glucose uptake into hepatocytes is known to inhibit a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-catalyzed reaction, which is a rate-limiting step in gluconeogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.506-510
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• 2000

This experiment was to determine the usefulness of gum safflower phospholipid as a feed ingredient. Forty female broiler chicks were divided into four groups and fed experimental diets containing following fats and oils; beef tallow (Tallow), the blend of safflower oil and palm oil (SP-oil), gum rapeseed phospholipid (Rap-PL), or gum safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) for 21days. There were no differences in growth performances among the treatments. Abdominal fat weight tended to be reduced in the chicks fed. phospholipids. The activity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced in the Rap-PL and Saf-PL as compared to that of Tallow. Feeding dietary phospholipids resulted in a slight reduction in total fat and triglyceride contents in the breast and thigh muscles. In addition, total fat and triglyceride contents in the thigh muscle were significantly decreased by dietary Saf-PL as compared to those of Tallow. These results suggested that dietary gum phospholipids, either from rapeseed or safflower, had desirable effects of lowing abdominal and muscle fats, and could be used as a feed ingredient for broiler diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1992

In Experiment 1, when fasted chicks were fed diets containing various sources of protein for 3 days, the activities of lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, citrate cleavage enzyme and malic enzyme) in the liver of growing chicks were significantly lower in the soybean protein or gluten diet than in the casein or fish protein diet. Triglycride contents of the liver and plasma of chicks fed the casein or fish protein diet were significantly lower than that of those fed soybean protein or gluten diet. In Experiment 2, the effects of dietary amino acid mixture simulating casein or protein on the activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes were examined. The activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase in the liver of chicks fed the casein diet were significantly higher than that of those fed the soybean protein diet or two diets of amino acid mixtures. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two diets of amino acid mixture based on casein or soybean protein. However, the activities of malic enzyme and citrate cleavage enzyme tended to be lower in the soybean-type amino acid diet than in the casein-type amino acid diet. Thus, some effects can be ascribed to the protein itself and some to the amino acid composition of the protein sources.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.64-72
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• 2002

Objective: Ramulus mori (RM) has been known to be effective for the treatment of obesity. To show the effectiveness of RM in a more scientific way, RM extract was prepared and evaluated in high fat diet rats by measuring the changes of body weight and lipid metabolism as described briefly below. Methods: 200 g of crushed RM was extracted withmethyl alcohol. The extract was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 33.4 g. For 10 weeks, control group rats were fed a high fat diet, while the test group rats were fed with the same diet plus RM extract. The normal group was fed with a normal diet. 150 mg of RM extract per 1 kg of body weight was added to the diet in the test group rats. Results: The control group rats on the high fat diet gained weight significantly, whereas the test group rats on the high fat diet plus RM extract gamed less weight. The significant increase of liver weight caused by the high fat diet was also inhibited by the RM extract treatment. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of serum in the high fat diet rats were remarkably increased, whereastheir levels on the high fat diet plus RM extract were less increased. While serum HDL-cholesterol levels were remarkably decreased in the high fat diet, its level was less decreased in the high fat diet plus RM extract. Furthermore, we observed that the activities of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase increased under the high fat diet, while their activities under the high fat diet plus RM extract were getting back nearly to the normal levels of the normal diet rats. Conclusions: These result show that the obesity caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited by an RM extract. Our results also showed that the abnormal lipid metabolism caused by a high fat diet was effectively cured by adding RM extract.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.423-429
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 유전적으로 제2형 당뇨를 가진 Goto-Kakizaki 흰쥐의 간 세포액에 함유된 당대사 관련 주요 효소인 glucokinase(GK)와 acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACC)의 활성 및 $\alpha$-glucosidase 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 사용된 소재로는 지골피(Lycium chinense), 동충하초(Cordyceps militaris), 가시오가피(Acanthopanax senticosus)를 선정하였고, 이를 단독으로 사용하기 보다는 유효성분의 항당뇨 효능에 대한 상승효과를 알아보기 위하여 일정비율로 혼합하였다. 각 소재들을 일정 비율로 혼합한 모든 추출물에서 GK와 ACC의 활성이 증가하였으며, 가시오가피와 동충하초의 혼합 비율이 높아질수록 효소의 활성 증가율도 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 이는 지골피와 가시오가피, 동충하초의 상승작용 때문으로 사료된다. $\alpha$-glucosidase의 저해 활성은 JDG 5(1:6:6) 처리군에서 acarbose 보다 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 지골피, 가시오가피, 동충하초의 혼합 비율이 1:6:6 일 때 당대사 관련 효소인 GK와 ACC 효소를 활성화시키고, $\alpha$-glucosidase의 활성을 저해하여 흡수된 당의 이용에 유리하게 작용함으로써 항당뇨 효과를 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the potential effects of Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) extracts, on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). GJ extracts (100 mg/kg, ${\times}10$ weeks) fed mice showed reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, reduced aminotransferase level in plasma and hepatic lipid (triglyceride, total cholesterol) content. These effects were accompanied by decreased expression of lipogenic genes, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), liver X receptor (LXR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and decreased lipogenic enzyme FAS and HMG-CoAR enzyme activities while elevating carnitine palmitoyltrasferase-1 (CPT) activity. Based on these results, we speculated that the inhibitory effect on hepatic steatosis of GJ extract containing geniposide is the result of suppression of lipid synthesis in mice fed with HFD, suggesting that GJ extract may be beneficial in preventing hepatic steatosis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 동충하초, 자소엽, 단삼, 전칠, 명월초 물 추출물이 당대사 관련 효소인 GCK(glucokinase), PDH(pyruvate dehydrogenase) 및 ACC(acetyl CoA carboxylase) mRNA 발현 정도에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. GCK mRNA 발현은 동충하초 물 추출물을 250 ppm로 처리했을때 181%로 가장 높게 증가되었다. PDH mRNA 발현은 100 ppm에서 명월초(215%)> 단삼(193%)> 전칠(125%)> 동충하초(111%)의 순으로 증가되었으며, 250 및 500 ppm에서는 각각 명월초(251%)와 동충하초(210%) 물 추출물에서 높게 나타났다. ACC mRNA 발현은 자소엽, 단삼, 전칠의 경우 대조구보다 낮거나 유사한 수준을 나타내었지만, 동충하초 물 추출물은 대조구와 비교하여 100 ppm에서 141%, 250 ppm에서 284%로 크게 증가되었다. 명월초 물 추출물은 187~199% 범위에서 ACC mRNA 발현을 크게 증가시켰다. 결과적으로 동충하초와 명월초 물 추출물이 다른 소재들에 비해 간의 GCK, PDH, ACC mRNA 발현을 증가시킴으로써 혈당강하 작용을 나타낼 것으로 판단하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1748-1755
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• 2016

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of niacin supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism in rabbits. Rex Rabbits (90 d, n = 32) were allocated to two equal treatment groups: Fed basal diet (control) or fed basal diet with additional 200 mg/kg niacin supplementation (niacin). The results show that niacin significantly increased the levels of plasma adiponectin, hepatic apoprotein B and hepatic leptin receptors mRNA (p<0.05), but significantly decreased the hepatic fatty acid synthase activity and adiponectin receptor 2, insulin receptor and acetyl-CoA carboxylase mRNA levels (p<0.05). Plasma insulin had a decreasing tendency in the niacin treatment group compared with control (p = 0.067). Plasma very low density lipoproteins, leptin levels and the hepatic adiponectin receptor 1 and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 genes expression were not significantly altered with niacin addition to the diet (p>0.05). However, niacin treatment significantly inhibited the hepatocytes lipid accumulation compared with the control group (p<0.05). In conclusion, niacin treatment can decrease hepatic fatty acids synthesis, but does not alter fatty acids oxidation and triacylglycerol export. And this whole process attenuates lipid accumulation in liver. Besides, the hormones of insulin, leptin and adiponectin are associated with the regulation of niacin in hepatic lipid metabolism in rabbits.