• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.54-61
• /
• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from a healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isloated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breve K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucuronidase and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes ($\beta$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucuronidase, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing lactic acid bacteria of intestinal microflora. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered on mice, fecal harmful enzymes were also inhibited. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had the highest inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.41-57
• /
• 1998

Five hundreds of bifidobacteria were isolated from an healthy Korean and the inhibitory effects of these isolated bacteria on harmful enzymes of human intestinal microflora were examined by cocultivation of the isolated bifidobacteria with E. coli HGU-3 or total human intestinal microflora. In comparison with the results of E. coli or intestinal microflora cultivation, Bifidobacterium breave K-110, B. breve K-111 and B. infantis K-525 effectively inhibited harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase) of E. coli and lowered the pH of the culture media. Also they inhibited the harmful enzymes (${\beta}-glucosidase$, ${\beta}-glucuronidase$, tryptophanase and urease) and ammonia production of intestinal microflora, and lowered pH of the culture media by increasing the number of bifidobateria on intestinal microflora. The inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria on Growth of Helicobacter pylori and Rotavirus infection were exammed. Bifidobacterium K-110 and K-111 inhibited effectively them. When these isolated bifidobacteria were administered to mice, the activities of fecal harmful enzymes were inhibited and the AC and ACF formation were suppressed. Among tested bifidobacteria, B. breve K-110 had high inhibitory effect of fecal harmful enzymes and ACF formation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.540-542
• /
• 2005

Juice Valley and Gogu Valley were administered to twelve healthy young volunteers for 4 weeks to study their clinical effects on human intestinal microflora. Changes in fecal microflora, fecal moisture, and fecal pH were observed for Juice Valley intake. Administration of Juice Valley significantly increased numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus from 8.69 and 7.02 to 10.89 and 9.02 (Log CFU/g wet feces), respectively, whereas those of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli decreased. Moisture content of feces increased, and fecal pH decreased after 4 weeks of Juice Valley intake, intake of Gogu Valley slightly increased growth responses of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and decreased growth responses of C. perfringens and E. coli. Su-mi potato, as a reference, had no effect on Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus numbers. This study confirmed Juice Valley has better effects than Gogu Valley and Su-mi, and has important role on growth promotion and inhibition of human intestinal bacteria.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.1272-1280
• /
• 2021

With changes in human dietary patterns, the proportion of high-fat and high-cholesterol foods in the daily diet has increased. As a result, the incidence rate of cholelithiasis is increasing rapidly. Many studies have reported on the crucial role that the intestinal microflora plays in the progression of gallstones. Although the whole herb of Lysimachia christinae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has long been extensively used as a remedy for cholelithiasis in China, its effects on the intestinal microflora remain unknown. Hence, in this study, we investigated the ability of the aqueous extract of L. christinae (LAE) to prevent cholesterol gallstones (CGSs) in model animals by affecting the intestinal microflora. The effects of LAE on body weight, serum lipid profile, visceral organ indexes, and histomorphology were studied in male C57BL/6J mice, which were induced by a lithogenic diet. After the 8-week study, CGSs formation was greatly reduced after LAE treatment. LAE also reduced body weight gain and hyperlipidemia and restored the histomorphological changes. Moreover, the intestinal microflora exhibited significant variation. In the model group fed the lithogenic diet, the abundances of the genera unclassified Porphyromonadaceae, Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella decreased, but in contrast, Akkermansia dramatically increased compared with the control check group, which was fed a normal diet; the administration of LAE reversed these changes. These results imply that L. christinae can be considered an efficient therapy for eliminating CGSs induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, which may be achieved by influencing the intestinal microflora.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.633-640
• /
• 1995

As a result of screening the medicinal herbs which selectively control human intestinal microflora, water extract of Akebia quinata Decaisne was proved to have a strong inhibitory activity against the growth of Clostridium pefringens, a major harmful intestinal bacterium. The anti-bacte-rial activity was stable under the thermal treatment at 100$\circ$C for 120 min and in a range of pH 1 to 11. In addition, the water extract of Akebia quinata Decaisne showed the antibacterial activities against five different strains of Clostridia including C. perfringens. On the contrary, the extract did not inhibit the growths of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis. The extract, however, suppressed markedly the growth of Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Alike in the mixed culture inoculated with human feces as starter, in vivo tests using rats showed that the extract tends to increase the numbers of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the intestinal microflora of rats, whereas those of Clostridia were attenuated.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2002

Glycosides of herbal medicines, such as glycyrrhizin, ginsenosides, kalopanaxsaponins, rutin and ponicirin, were studied regarding their metabolic fates and pharmacological actions in relation to intestinal bacteria using germ-free, gnotobiotic and conventional animals. When glycyrrhizin (GL) was orally administered, $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic\;acid\;(GA)$, not GL, was detected in plasma and intestinal contents of gnotobiotic and conventional rats. However, GA could not be detected in germ-free rats. When GL was incubated with human intestinal bacteria, it was directly metabolized to GA (>95%) or via $18{\beta}-glycyrrhetinic\;acid-3-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$(>5%). Orally administered GL was effective in gnotobiotic and conventional rats for liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride, but was not effective in germ-free rats. When ginseng saponins were orally administered to human beings, compound K in the plasma was detected, but the other protopanxadiol saponins were not detected. The compound K was active for tumor metastasis and allergy. When kalopanaxsaponins were incubated with human intestinal microflora, they were metabolized to kalopanaxsaponin A, kalopanaxsaponin I and hederagenin. These metabolites were active for rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic mellitus while the other kalopanxsaponins were not. When flavonoid glycosides were orally administered to animals, aglycones and/or phenolic acids were detected in the urine. The metabolic pathways proceeded by intestinal bacteria rather than by liver or blood enzymes. These metabolites, aglycones and phenolic acids, showed antitumor, antiinflammatory and antiplatelet aggregation activities. These findings suggest that glycosides of herbal medicines are prodrugs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 1999

The effects of Bifidobacterium longum HY8001 supplement intake on the fecal microflora and fecal bacterial enzyme activity were studied in ten healthy human volunteers, before, during and after intake (respectively for 3 weeks). During intake of B. longum HY8001 supplement, fecal, $\beta$-glucuronidase and nitroreductase activities significantly decreased 44.6%(p<0.005) and 32.3%(p<0.01), respectively. Although numbers of major bacterial groups of fecal microflora were not affected by B. longum HY8001 intake for 3 weeks, the number of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased (p<0.05). This result indicates that intake of B. longum HY8001 might be potentially beneficial for the prevention and inhibition of colon cancer and improvement of human intestinal microflora composition.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.1791-1798
• /
• 2006

When ginsenoside Rg5, a main component isolated from red ginseng, was incubated with three human fecal microflora for 24 h, all specimens showed hydrolyzing activity: all specimens produced ginsenoside Rh3 as a main metabolite, but a minor metabolite $3{\beta},12{\beta}$-dihydroxydammar-21(22),24-diene (DD) was observed in two specimens. To evaluate the antiallergic effect of ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolites, the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg5 and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 against RBL-2H3 cell degranulation, mouse passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction induced by the IgE-antigen complex, and mouse ear skin dermatitis induced by 12-O-tetradecanoilphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) were measured. Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 potently inhibited degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells. These ginsenosides also inhibited mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated by IgE-antigen. Orally and intraperitoneally administered ginsenoside Rg3 and orally administered ginsenoside Rg5 to mice potently inhibited the PCA reaction induced by IgE-antigen complex. However, intraperitoneally administered ginsenoside Rg5 nearly did not inhibit the PCA reaction. These ginsenosides not only suppressed the swelling of mouse ears induced by TPA, but also inhibited mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and IL-4 and activation of transcription factor NF-kB. These inhibitions of ginsenoside Rh3 were more potent than those of ginsenoside Rg5. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg5 may be metabolized in vivo to ginsenoside Rh3 by human intestinal microflora, and ginsenoside Rh3 may improve antiallergic diseases, such as rhinitis and dermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.443-447
• /
• 1997

As the growth factor of lactic acid bacteria, LD (trehalose) was isolated from Lentinus edode5 by using silica gel column chromatography. LD induced the growth of Bifidobacteria breve and Lactobacillus brevis, which were isolated from human feces. LD selectively induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria among total microflora. When total intestinal microflora were cultured in the medium containing LD, it stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria and inhibited harmful enzymes, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, and tryptophanase, of intestinal bacteria. LM, which was a monosaccharide from L. edooles, induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria but it seems to be invaluable in vivo. LH isolated from L. edodes by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography was not effective for the growth of lactic acid bacteria.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 1999

To investigate the effect of wormwood extract on intestinal Microorganisms of human, we examined the changes of the intestinal microflora of 6 volunteers for 13 days. Numbers of total anaerobes in feces of 6 volunteers showed 1010cfu/g before and after intake of wormwood extract. In case of beneficial Microorganisms, wormwood extract did not have an effect on the growth of bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus spp. On the other hand, the growth of C. perfringens and E. coli, the harmful Microorganisms of human intestines, was inhibited by the wormwood extract.