• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.158-164
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• 2010

The aim of this study is to examine the reliability of Inyoung-Chongu pulse diagnosis by analyzing Inyoung-Chongu pulse measured on normal people. I measure the size of Inyoung & Chongu pulse, ratio of Inyoung to Chongu, and ratio of Chongu to Inyoung on 50 normal people. Inyoung pulse of normal people is $6.44{\pm}1.62$ volt and Chongu pulse of normal people is $6.81{\pm}1.70$ volt. The ratio of Inyoun to Chongu is $1.03{\pm}0.50$ and that of Chongu to Inyoung is $1.12{\pm}0.41$. Through this experiment, I conclude that the Inyoung-Chongu pulse diagnosis is reproducible on normal people and can develop pulse diagnosis device through comparison between Inyoung and Chongu pulse.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-205
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• 2000

This research was designed to compare the health condition and the quality of life of the elderly inpatients with those of the normal elderly people. The subjects of study were 482 elderly inpatients and 304 normal elderly people. The research was conducted in July and August using the instrument WHOQOL. The results of the research are as follows: For the level of health, it was recognized that male was healthier than female, having higher the education, living in the city rather than in the rural, keeping the normal life than being in the hospital. There were little difference in the past medical histories of the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people. As to the diseases currently under the treatment, there were some difference between the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people but the tendency was similar in the kinds and the frequencies. As to the recognition for the quality of life between the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people based on the records reflected on each of the domains of WHOQOL, the normal elderly people more positively recognized in the overall quality of life and the following domains: physical, psychological, level of independence, and spirituality/religion/personal beliefs. The normal elderly people more positively recognized especially in the level of independence domain (mobility, activities of daily living, dependence on medication or treatments, working capacity). In the social relationships domain only the sexual activity was significant and the normal elderly people more positively recognized. The elderly inpatients showed the correlation of over 0.5 in the overall quality of life and the following domains: environment, social relationships, physical, psychological, level of independence. It was over 0.6 in the physical domain and the domains of psychological and level of independence. and the psychological domains of level of independence and social relationships. For the points of overall quality of life, it had no correlation with hospitalization but the health condition, residential district, occupation, and taste exerted a significant effect. As a result of separate analyses of the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people, the health condition and the age only were the common variable which would exercise a significant effect. Besides, the primary factors which would exercise the quality of life were the occupation and taste for the elderly inpatients, and the residential district and source of income for the normal elderly people. In conclusion, it is first and foremost important to improve the standard of health for the overall quality of life for the elderly people, regardless of hospitalization. Therefore, a plan must be urgently drawn up for revitalization of the health promoting projects for the elderly people and the public health projects for the elderly people, and the investment must be increased for settlement of health problems of the elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1995

The purpose of this artic1e is to compare soft tissue profiles between Korean adults with normal occ1usion and malocclusin and to identify the differences between them. The subjects of this cephalometric study were 40 males with normal occlusion(Group 1), 27 females with normal occlusion(Group 2), 28 adults with Angle's Class II malocclusion(Group 3) and 41 adults with Angle's Class III malocclusion(Group 4). The results of this study were as follows ; 1) People with Angle's Class II malocclusion had tendency to have more labial tipping of lower teeth than people with normal occ1usion. Through NOA angle measurement, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding midface than people with normal occlusion and people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had retruding midface. 2) Through Powell's esthetic triangle analysis, it was determined that people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had retruding chin and protruding nose. 3) No significant differences between people with normal occlusion and maloclusion could be identified by measuring soft tissue profile angle basis of S-NS plane. 4) There were significant differences between groups with normal occlusion and malocclusion by measuring Facial convexity angle(Significance level 99%). 5) By measuring the distance between each landmark basis of N-Pog plane, People with Angle's Class II malocclusion were identified as having more protruding midface, but there were no significant differences between people with normal occlusion and Angle's Class III malocclusion. 6) By measuring the vertical dimension of the face, it was determined that the lower facial height was higher than the upper facial height in all groups, particularly in group with Angle's Class III malocclusion. 7) By measuring the lips basis of E-line and S-line, it was determined that people with Angle's Class III malocclusion had more, protruding lower lips than people with normal occlusion, while people with normal occlusion, while people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had more protruding upper lips. By measuring the distance between the superior sulcus and inferior sulcus basis of H-line, people with Angle's Class II malocclusion had thicker upper lips than the other's.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2010

The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome has increased rapidly among the middle-aged and seems to be affected by socioeconomic factors, lifestyles and dietary habits. This research tries to find out the difference in dietary intake between middle-aged with and without metabolic syndrome. Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2005 and 2007, this study investigated 2,382 people (normal: 1,575, disease: 807) in 2005 and 1152 people (normal: 747, disease: 405) in 2007 (between the age of 40 and 64). Analysis was performed to discover the difference in nutrient intakes between people with and without metabolic syndrome. Also differences among people with various socioeconomic factors (such as age, education level, and income level), which can affect nutrient intake, were analyzed. In the nutrient intake people with metabolic syndrome has lower intake in most of nutrients than those of normal group, except carbohydrate. In 2007, normal group had higher intake in most nutrients, except for carbohydrate, sodium, potassium and vitamin A. Carbohydrate: protein: fat (C: P: F) ratio for metabolic syndrome group showed higher rate for carbohydrate, than normal group, in 2005, and 2007. Overall, the higher age and income level, the more carbohydrate intake rate is increase in metabolic syndrome group. The Quality of each nutrient intake was assessed using NAR (Nutrient adequacy ratio) and MAR (Mean adequacy ratio). According to the MAR, there was significant difference in 2005, 0.83 for normal group and 0.81 for metabolic syndrome group but there wasn't any in 2007 (0.81 for normal group, 0.82 for metabolic syndrome group). By NAR, in 2005, all nutrient except phosphorus, iron, vitamin A for Normal group higher then those of metabolic syndrome group (p < 0.05). In 2007 intake of metabolic syndrome group were higher then those normal group in most of nutrient by NAR. For age, education and income, MAR for normal group is higher then that of metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, Quality of nutrient intake in normal group is better then in metabolic syndrome group. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor dietary of intake people with metabolic syndrome, and necessary measures should be taken.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2006

It is important to analyze the characteristics of normal gait in clinical and biomechanical aspects. Although gait characteristics can be varied by anthropometric, racial and cultural factors, normal gait studies have been performed mostly for Western people. The present study conducted a gait analysis for Korean young adults and compared the gait characteristics with those of Western people for the establishment of Korean normal gait data. A total of thirty-two adults in twenties(20 males and 12 females) were participated in the gait experiment and their spatio-temporal and kinematic/kinetic gait characteristics were analyzed. The comparison of the gait characteristics between Korean and Western people, revealed that the stride length and walking speed of Korean were significantly smaller than those of Western people by 0.1~0.3m and 0.15~0.40m/s respectively. And the knee abduction moment of Korean was larger than that of Western people, while the other moments(such as hip flexion/extension moments, abduction/adduction moments, and knee flexion/extension moments) were smaller than those of Western people. The ranges of joint angles between the gait studies were largely different with each other, but most of motion patterns and excursions were similar.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1101-1106
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• 2008

People who have hearing difficulties suffer from satisfactory mutual interaction with normal people because there are little chances of communicating each other. It is caused by rare communication of people who have hearing difficulties with normal people because majority of normal people can not understand sing language that is represented by gestures and is used by people who have hearing difficulties as a principal way of communication. In this paper, we propose a recognition method of finger language using FCM algorithm in order to be possible of communication of people who have hearing difficulties with normal people. In the proposed method, skin regions are extracted from images acquired by a camera using YCbCr and HSI color spaces and then locations of two hands are traced by applying 4-directional edge tracking algorithm on the extracted skin lesions. Final hand regions are extracted from the traced hand regions by noise removal using morphological information. The extracted final hand regions are classified and recognized by FCM algorithm. In the experiment using images of finger language acquired by a camera, we verified that the proposed method have the effect of extracting two hand regions and recognizing finger language.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.637-646
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop the adaptive device for severe physical disabilities using smart device in the driving simulator and its performance evaluation. Development of appropriate driving adaptive device for the people with serious physical limitation could contribute to maintain their community mobility. Background: There is lack of adaptive driving devices for the people with disabilities in Korea. However, if smart device systems like iPod and iPhone are used for driving a car, the people with serious physical limitations can improve their community mobility. Method: Both gyroscope and accelerometer from iPod were used to measure the tilted angle of the smart device for driving. Customized Labview program was also used to control three axis motors for steering wheel, accelerator and brake pedals. Thirteen subjects were involved in the experiment for performance evaluation of smart device in simulator. Five subjects had driver licenses. Another four subjects did not have driver licenses. Others were people with disabilities. Results: Average driving score of the normal group with driver license in the simulator increased 46.6% compared with the normal group without driver license and increased 30.4% compared with the disabled group(p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the average driving score between normal group without driver license and disabled group(p>0.05). Conclusion: The normal group with driver license showed significantly higher driving score than other groups. The normal group without driver license and disabled group could improve their driving skills with training in simulator. Application: If follow-up studies would be continued and applied in adapted vehicle for on road environment, many people with more severe disabilities could drive and improve the quality of life.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2013

Objectives Although tongue diagnosis is one of major diagnostic methods in east Asian traditional medicine, the standard of normal tongue color have not established. So we tried to suggest the method to establish the standard of normal tongue color range and the pilot data about the normal range. Materials and methods: 22 precedent study papers that presented the numerical data of normal (light red) tongue color were analyzed. At the same time, 46 adult people tongue color data were also collected and analyzed. Results Precedent studies showed remarkable fluctuations of the range of normal tongue color. Collected tongue color data of the 46 people showed mean Hue value 2 and standard deviation 14 in HSB system. Additionally, 3 ways of standard establishment for normal tongue color were suggested. Conclusion We suggest statistical method as a reasonable method for tongue color standard establishment and $2{\pm}14$ as a reference Hue value for normal tongue color.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical characteristic by directly measuring the wheelchair using disabled women. The subjects were 103 disabled women of wheelchair used women and between 20 - 55 years of age. The result of this study is as follow. There was a remarkable difference in the physical characteristic of wheelchair using disabled women due to their cause of disability. The cause of disability was classified into the 4 groups; poliomyelitis, spiral cord injury, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy. Poliomyelitis disability generally had a large horizontal area due to their strong upper body. People with spiral cord injury disability was shown to have the largest height, cervical height, waist back length, crotch length, knee length, The group of muscular dystrophy disabled people have the shortest length of body and also lean. The cebral palsy group of disabled people has an average length and height size body. A comparison of anthropometric measurements of wheelchair using disabled women with National Anthropometric Survey Korea(1997) was significant difference. People with poliomyelitis disability was shown to have a larger waist back length, neck point to breast point compared to normal women, but stature, crotch length was shorter compared to normal women. People with spiral cord injury disability had a similar in the vertical area. The group of muscular dystrophy and cebral palsy disabled people was short and smaller in general compared to a normal woman.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2006.11b
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• pp.1523-1528
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• 2006

The launch of KTX (Korea Train Express) has brought the changes of people's life. People can get more time to work or enjoy leisure comfortably because the transfer time is decreased. According to these changes, the role of normal trains and express trains' drivers is getting more important. The purpose of this study is to suggest the advanced vision of Korean railway through comparing the domestic driver's qualification requirements of normal trains and express trains with international ones which are more developed.