• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.537-551
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• 1994

The dietry effects of marine n-3, plant n-3 and plant n-6 fatty acid on serum lipids levels, liver phospholipid fatty acid composition in rat were investigated. Four groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 30 weeks old, were fed on one of 4 different experimental diets for 4 weeks. The diets were composed of 15% fat(w/w) of either concentrated EPA oil(20:5, n-3 : 65%), fish oil(20:5, n-3 : 19%, 22:6, n-3 : 18%), perilla oil(18:3, n-3 : 60%) or corn oil(18:2, n-6 : 49%). Blood was initially taken before experimental feeding and also taken after 2 weeks and 4 weeks feeding the diet respectively and then examined for the levels of serum lipids. Rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after the diet for the analysis of liver phospholipid fatty acid. EPA feeding remarkably decreased the serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid than any other oil feeding. Fish oil feeding decreased serum HDL-cholesterol level comparable to the effect of EPA feeding and decreased total cholesterol and phospholipid less than but close to the effect of EPA feeding. Perilla oil feeding did not change serum levels of triglyceride and phospholipid, but it decreased serum total cholesterol a lot and HDL-cholesterol a little. Corn oil feeding did not affect triglyceride and total cholesterol while it increased serum level of HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was increased only in corn oil group. But contrary to the result of serum total phospholipid, liver phospholipid level found to be higher in fish oil and EPA groups than in perilla oil and corn groups. The fatty acid composition of liver phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) turned out to be affected by dietary fatty acid. 18:2 of liver PC was the lowest in FO group following CO group. The ratio of 20:4/18:2 was lower in PO group than in EPA group in consequence of higher 18:2 and lower 20:4 in PO group and vise versa in EPA group. In the liver PC and PE, similar trends in the ratios of n-6/n-3 and 20:4/18 were found showing higher ratios with CO and EPA group over FO and PO group. EPA group showed the lowest level of 20:5 and lower level of 20:6 than group. Fish oil was more efficient than EPA oil and PO in lowering the ratio of n-6/n-3 in consequence of the highest 22:6, and the lowest 18:2 in liver phospholipid. But PO lowers the ratio or 20:4/18 more than FO. In conclusion, EPA oil was more effective in lowering serum lipids than FO and PO. Reviewing the dietary effect of fatty acid on eicosanoids composition in rats, it is considered that more possibility was with FO than PO in the effectiveness of atherosclerosis prevention and more with PO than with EPA oil. It was also found that FO showed more effective than EPA oil for atherosclerosis prevention. It was hardly found that CO had any effect on lowering serum lipids and on eicosanoids composition in liver phospholipid for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.1 s.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 1968

The effects of the essential oil fraction and the fatty acid-fraction of the panax Ginseng on the various lipids (total cholesterol, phospholipid, triglyceride) in serum and liver tissues of the white rats were examined and observed after the administration of the fractions for eight weeks with the following results: 1. Serum total cholesterol level was slightly decreased in the group after giving the essential oil fraction four weeks, whereas the effects in the group after giving itfor eight weeks were increased. Phospholipid level was slightly elevated both in four weeks and in eight weeks, while triglyceride level was elevated after four weeks, whereas it showed nochange at all after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, the cholesterol content was slightly decreased after four weeks and remarkably decreased after the administration for eight week. Phospholipid increased after four week administration and then rather decreased after the eight week administration, while the triglyceride content decreased both in four weeks and in eight weeks. 2. In the group giving the fatty acid-fraction, serum total cholesterol level decreased after the four week administration and then returned to the pre-experiment mean after the eight-week administration, while phospholipid level increased after the four-week administration and then returned to the pre experiment mean. Triglyceride level increased after four week administration of the fraction and rather then decreased after eight weeks. In the liver tissues, total cholesterol content decreased both after four weeks and after eight weeks, while phospholipid level also decreased from four weeks through eight weeks, whereas triglyceride level increased after four weeks, and showed rather decreasing tendency after the eight-week administration.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.40-64
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• 1989

For the study of the effect of dietary phospholipid (PL) on the lipid components of serum and organ tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats, 56 Male-rats were divided into 8 groups, which was composed of 7. One group was fed with basal diet (normal group). And other experimental groups were fed ad libitum with the mixture of carbohydrate. casein salt mixture : vitamin mixture(60:18:4:1) and at the same time fed administratively with 1 gram of phospholipid-free soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil, and phospholipid-containing soybean oil, corn oil and sesame oil respectively After 60 days the rats were fasted for 12 hours and then decapitated to collect blood and separate organ tissues . The lipid and protein components of serum and organ tissues were analyzed. The results of this study are summarized as follows The supplementation of dietary phospholipid decreases the food efficiency ratio and the growth rate of experimental rats, it increases the level of serum phospholipid and cholesterol ester, but decreases the value of total-cholesterol (T-chol.)/PL ; it decreases the value of albumin/globulin (hyG ratio) of serum protein and it increases the level of phosphatidyl ethanolamine(PE) in serum and organ tissues. And the correlation coefficients among the contents of T-chol., of HDL-chol. and of phospholipid in serum and liver are negative in general. Therefore 1 think that we must eat dietary phospholipid unpurified from vegetable oil to prevent development of atherosclerosis and fat liver.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.85-98
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of dietary and serum phospholipid fatty acids composition and serum lipid levels in postmenopausal women. Data about anthropometry, dietary intake, physical activities, serum lipid profile and serum phospholipid fatty acid composition were collected from eighty-five postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified as normocholesterolemia (NC), moderate hypercholesterolemia(MC) and phyperchollesterolemia(HC) according to their serum total cholesterol (TC) levels based on The Guideline for Korean Hyperlipidemia set/published by The Committee for Hyperlipidemia in Korea. The results were as follows. Total energy intake and the ratio of energy intake to energy expenditure were positively related, while dietary fiber intake was negatively related, with serum TC level. Dietary fat intake was positively related with serum LDL-C level. Dietary cholesterol, saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) intake and the ratio of ingested saturated fat and cholesterol to calories (RISCC) were positively related, while the P/S ratio of dietary fat was negatively related, with serum TC and LDL-C levels. Serum phospholipid fatty acids composition was not significantly different among the three groups. SFA of serum phospholipid fatty acids was positively related, while P/S and M/S ratios of serum phospholipid fatiy acids were negatively correlated, with serum TC and LDL-C levels. We recommend that the dietary P/S ratio of postmenopausal women is increased by reducing their dietary SFA intake. With these changes in the diet, serum phospholipid fatty acid composition could be also changed, and serum lipids levels could be improved.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.260-267
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• 1988

Forteen healthy women, with normal serum cholesterol levels, were supplemented with two egg yolks daily for the 1st week and four egg yolks for the 2nd week to their customary diets for 2 weeks period. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and lipoprotein fractions were determined. Serum cholesterol and phospholipid levels were not affected by the supplementation of egg yolks. However, triglyceride level was significantly increased by the supplementation of four egg yolks at the end of the 1st week, but the level remained normal range. The serum lipoprotein pattern was influenced by the supplementation of egg yolks : HDL fraction significantly decreased, while LDL and VLDL fractions significantly increased.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1412-1418
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• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. I fed normal group fed normal diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, control group fed high fat diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample A group fed high diet and administered YGJT 300mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample B group fed high diet and administered YGJT 500mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A and Sample B were significantly decreased body weight(4weeks) and serum free fatty acid level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample A was significantly decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level and serum total lipid level, but significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample A was decreased serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. 4. Sample B was increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 5. Sample B was decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. According to above results, I suggest YGJT is able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.137-143
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• 1989

This study was attempted to investigate the effect of Tricholoma matsutake on experimentally induced hyperlipemia in rats. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid were measured. Diagnostic attention has been paid to the cholesterol concentration associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), which appears to be inversely related to the incidence of coronary artery disease. For these reasons, determination of HDL-cholesterol has significant meaning. Total cholesterol was determined by Abell-Kindall method, and to measure HDL-cholesterol, serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) were first selectively precipitated by HDL-precipitating reagent. The results obtained were as follows : 1) The level of total cholesterol in serum of hyperlipemic rats was decreased by oral administration of Tricholoma matsutake extract. 2) The level of HDL-cholesterol was increased by the mushroom extract. 3) The level of triglyceride was significantly decreased by the mushroom extract. 4) The level of phospholipid was slightly decreased by the mushroom extract.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ leaves, stems, roots (ACL, ACS, ACR) on the change of weight and the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced Dy high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACL of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACS of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACR of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total lipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. Sample A group was decreased the body weight (4 weeks, 7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol level, the serum triglyceride level, the serum free fatty acid and phospholipid level but increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. Sample B group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum free fatty acid and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. 4. Sample B group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 5. Sample C group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4 weeks) and the serum free fatty acid level in comparison with Control group. 6. Sample C group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest ACR is able to be used for the obesity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Ijin-tang add Atractylodis rhizoma and Atratcylodis macrocephalae rhizoma (IJTAA) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed normal diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed high fat diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 500 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 700 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly decreased in body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly increased in serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were decreased in serum LDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest IJTAA is able to be used for managing obesity by controllong body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.543-545
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• 2010

Apo, holo, native-type of lactoferrin showed a similar pattern of circular dichroism(CD) spectra. Lactoferrin appeared to interact more easily with negatively charged liposome than neutral liposome. Holo-type of lactoferrin showed the highest degree of leakage, whereas apo-type of lactoferrin showed the lowest level of leakage. Holo-type lactoferrin could more easily interact with phospholipid liposomes than apo-type lactoferrin, when used as an artificial membrane.