• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2002

Citri Reticulatae Viride Pericarpium extract(CRVP) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for Soothing the liver and regulating the circulation of qi(疏肝理氣), and promoting digestion and removing stagnated food(消積化滯). The effects of CRVP on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this Study was to investigate the effects of CRVP on the pial arterial diameter and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in normal rats and ischemic cerebrovascular pathologic model rats. The changes in rCBF was determinated by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry(LDF), and the changes in pial arterial diameter were determinated by video microscopy methods and video analyzer. The results were as follows ; 1. Pial arterial diameter was significantly increased by CRVP in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Pretreatment with L-NNA significantly inhibited CRVP induced increased rCBF and pial arterial diameter. 3. Both the methylene chloride fraction and the hexane fraction of CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF. 4. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(MC) induced increased rCBF. 5. Pretreatment with L-NNA and indomethacin significantly inhibited CRVP(hexane) induced increased rCBF. 6. Pretreatment with CRVP maredly stabilized the changes rCBF and pial arterial diameter during the period of cerebral reperusion. In conclusion, CRVP causes a diverse response of rCBF and pial arterial diameter, and CRVP dose-dependently improved the altered cerebral hemodynamics of cerebral ischemic animal by increasing rCBF and pial arterial diameter. These results suggest that the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics is also mediated by nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1014-1020
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• 2004

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Palmul-Tang(PMT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The change of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows ; PMT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and PMT increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that PMT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows ; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by PMT(10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. The present authors thought that PMT had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 1999

The present study assessed the cerebroprotective effect of platelet-activating factor(PAF) antagonists in transient cerebral ischemia of rats. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 2 hours using an intraluminal filament technique, and was reperfused for 6 hours following cerebral ischemia. The infarct area of seven coronal brain slices was measured morphometrically following stain ing in the 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arteriolar diameter were measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and by a videomicroscopy, respectively. The infarct size was significantly reduced by PAF antagonists, BN 52021 and CV-6209, which were administered i.p. 10 min before MCA occlusion. Pretreatment with PAF antagonists significantly restored the changes in pial arterial diameter as well as those in rCBF during the period of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. PAF antagonists significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the pial arteries ipsilateral to ischemia. These results suggest that PAF antagonists exert a cerebroprotective effect against ischemic brain damage through an improvement of postocclusive cerebral blood flow.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2003

Jaeumgenby-tang(JGT) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent of vertigo caused by deficiency of qi(氣) and blood(血). Effect of Aurantii Fructus(AF) take off the phlegm by promoting the circulation of qi, Gastrodae Rhizoma(GR) has effects treating for headache, vertigo by calming the liver and suppressing hyperactivity of the liver-yang(陽). And, I designed to investigate whether injection of JGT adding AFㆍGR extract(JGTAG) affects cytotoxicity in vitro, cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemia rats by MCA occlusion method. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video microscope and width analyzer. The results were as follows in normal rats; JGTAG was not cytotoxicity in brain cells. And JGTAG was significantly increased rCBF, PAD and MABP. This results suggest that JGTAG increased significantly rCBF by dilating PAD. And the results were as follows in cerebral ischemic rats; The changes of rCBF and PAD were increased stably by treatment with JGTAG(10mg/kg, i.v.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, and pretreatment with propranolol and indomethacin were increased JGT AG induced increase of rCBF and PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion. We suggest that JGTAG has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-176
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• 2001

This study demonstrates the effects of Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang, Sasang constitutional herb prescription reported its clinical effect on the stroke of the So-yang In(少陽人), on the cerebral blood flow changes induced by nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treatment and ischemic brain damage induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rats. The changes of the arterial blood pressure, cerebral blood flow, and the diameter of the pial artery were measured in rats treated with L-NAME. And the changes of the infarct size, volume, and plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF-{\alpha}$) levels were measured in the rats that the middle cerebral artery has been occluded by the intraluminal suture thread method. Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang was administered by the i.v. injection on the L-NAME treated rats, by the i.o. administration on the MCAO rats. The results is 1. The changes of the arterial blood pressure was not different statistically between in the L-NAME treated control group and in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group. 2. Increase in the cerebral blood flow induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group significantly (P<0.05) as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 3. Decrease in the diameter of the pial artery induced by L-NAME treatment was attenuated about 18% in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared with the L-NAME treated control group. 4. Ischemic damaged infarct areas were decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the interaural 12mm, 10mm, and 6mm brain sections of the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 5. Total ischemic infarct volume was decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group. 6. Plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ levels were decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the Yanggyuksanhwa-Tang administered group as compared the MCA occluded control group.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1083-1088
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• 2004

This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Prescription for Treatment Abundant Expectoration due to Deficiency of Qi(Yukgunja-Tang, YGT) on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD)] in cerebral ischemia rats. The results were as follows: Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably decreased by YGT (10㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in Control group. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and methylene blue(10㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase significantly but unstably increased the YGT-induced increases in rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly and stably decreased the YGT-induced increases in PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion, but pretreatment with methylene blue increased unstably the YGT-induced increases in PAD during the period of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, the present authors thought that mechanism of YGT on cerebral hemodynamics was connected with guanylate cyclase in cerebral ischemia rats.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.419-426
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• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the inhibition of cerebral ischemia in rats. And We measured regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD) in cerebral ischemic rats, and cytokines production in serum Of cerebral ischemic rats. The results were as follows; Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by YGJT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after middle cerebral arterial occlusion(MCAO) 1 hr, IL-1β and TGF-β production of sample group were similar to that of control group, but sample group was decreased TNF-α production compared with control group, and was significantly increased IL-10 production in compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 1 hr, sample group was significantly decreased IL-1β and TNF-α production compared with control group, but TGF-β production of sample group was similar to that of control group, and sample group was significantly increased IL-10 production compared with control group. In cytokine production of serum by drawing from femoral arterial blood after reperfusion 4 hrs, sample group was significantly decreased IL-1β production compared with control group, and sample group was decreased TNF-α production in compared with control group, but TGF-β production of sample group was similar to that of control group, and sample group was increased IL-10 production compared with control group. This results were suggested that YGJT has inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibited IL-1β production and TNF-α production, but accelerated IL-10 production. We thought that YGJT should have an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.194-199
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa-tang(CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam. This study was designed to investigate whether CBT has a cytotoxicity in vitro, and affects the cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. The changes of rCBF were determinated by laser-doppler f1owmeter(LDF), and the change of PAD was determinated by video-microscopy. The results in normal rats were as follows: CBT had no cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. CBT significantly increased rCBF. MABP and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by CBT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion. which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. In conclusion, it is suggested that CBT causes a diverse effect on cerebral hemodynamics thereby has an anti-ischemic action.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1546-1551
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• 2005

This Study was designed to investigate the effects of Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Nodus (NRN) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), pial arterial diameter (PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats. And, this study was designed to investigate the inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells The results were as follows NRN significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, and NRN increased MABP in a dose-dependent manner. This results suggested that NRN significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by NRN (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. NRN significantly inhibited lactate dehydrogenase activity in neuronal cells. This results suggested that NRN prevented the neuronal death. It is suggested that NRN had an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1404-1409
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• 2004

Cheonmabanhwa-Tang(CBT) has been used in the Oriental Medicine for many centuries as a therapeutic agent for dizziness due to Poong-Dam. This Study was designed to investigate the mechanism of Prescription on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and pial arterial diameter(PAD)J in cerebral ischemia rats, The results in cerebral ischemic rats were as follows: Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by CBT (10 ㎎/㎏, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. Pretreatment with methylene blue(10 (.1.㎍/㎏, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase significantly but unstably increased the CBT-induced increases in PAD as well as rCBF during 150 minutes of cerebral reperfusion, but decreased stably the CBT-induced increases in rCBF and PAD after 180 minutes of cerebral reperfusion. In conclusion, the present authors thought that CBT caused effect on cerebral hemodynamics via mediation of cyclooxygenase.