• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.141-149
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find the effect of improving hyperlipidemia through Platycodi radix saponin. A hypercholoesterol diet and Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract were supplemented to the 6 week old male Spargue Dawley rats for four weeks. Results showed that the serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level decreased in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract(p<0.05), however, the serum total lipid and HDL-cholesterol did not show any difference from the control group according to the supplement of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. In the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract, the total cholesterol decreased by 20%, triglyceride by 36% and LDL-cholesterol by 25% respectively, and there was no difference according to the level of Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. AI(atherogenic index) and CRF(cardiac risk factor) were low in the group supplemented with Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract. Total lipid, total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver and feces were significantly low in the group supplemented with the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract compared with the control group(p<0.05). According to this result, it is expected that the Platycodi radix saponin methanol extract supplemented in the hypercholesterol diet can lower atherosclerosis, the cause of cardiovascular disease, by reducing not only serum cholesterol and triglyceride but also liver cholesterol and triglyceride.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the direct effect of estrogenic compounds in oriental herbal medicines, the estrogenic activity was measured using an in vitro detection system. For this system, human breast cancer cell line MCF7 was transfected using an estrogen responsive CAT reporter plasmid. Estrogenic activities of Platycodi radix, Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix were evaluated using this system. Estrogenic activity of a 500 ㎍/ml ethanol extract of Platycodi radix was as same as that of a 10/sup -8/ M standard solution (17β-estradiol) and activity of a 50 ㎍/ml ethanol extract was between those of a 10/sup -8/ M and a 10/sup -9/ M standard solutions. In addition, estrogenic activity of a 50 ㎍/ml ethanol extract of Platycodi radix was as same as that of a 10/sup -10/ M standard solution. The same activity patterns were observed in the system which was treated by Astragali radix or Glycyrrhizae radix extracts. The most effective activity was observed in a system which was treated by Platycodi radix extract, but the least activity was observed by Glycyrrhizae radix extract. In this result, it was confirmed that Platycodi radix, Astragali radix and Glycyrrhizae radix extracts possess estrogenic compounds.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.18-25
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• 2005

Objective & Methods: We examined the effects of Platycodi radix on the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$ and inhibitory $(I)-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ alteration in RAW 264.7 cells and acute lung injury in rats. Results: Immunoblot analysis showed that LPS-induced degradation of $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 was inhibited by pretreatment of Platycodi radix. The total cells of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by LPS challenge markedly decreased in the Platycodi radix pretreatment rats. Platycodi radix pretreatment also caused a decline in neutrophils infiltration into interstitium of the lung. In the alveolar macrophages and neutrophils, decreased $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$ and inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased $I-{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ immunoreaction were detected in Platycodi radix pretreated rats compared with LPS alone treated ones. Conclusion : It may be concluded that Platycodi radix attenuates the development of LPS-induced inflammation by reduction of $NF-{\kappa}Bp65$ activation and neutrophil-mediated acute lung injury. Platycodi radix would be useful as a therapeutic agent for endotoxin-induced lung disease.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the Platycodi radix powder (PRP) and Platycodi radix saponin(PRS) on the reduction of lipid status In rats fed on high fat diet for 6 weeks after which lipid contents were measured in liver. And also by carrying out the histological examination throughout light microscope to observe the effects of fat accumulation reduction. The results obtained from this study are as fellows. In the levels of total lipid in liver, PRS Group significantly decreased compared with Contred Group, but PRP Group was not significantly changed. The content of triglyceride was tended to be slightly decreased in the PRP and PRS groups compared to the control group, which was not significant. It was observed from photomicrographs of hepatic tissue in rats that the PRP and PRS groups inhibits the lipid accumulation induced by high fat diets.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.618-624
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• 2009

The extract of Platycodi radix has long been used as an anti-inflammatory traditional medicine in Korea for the treatment of bronchitis, asthma and acute respiratory disease. In this study, the anti-inflammatory actions of the methanol extract of Platycodi radix administered via oral administration were evaluated. The results revealed that the extracts exhibited potent anti-inflammatory action. Of the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, the butanol fraction had the most potent anti-inflammatory action. Additioinally the sapogenin obtained through acid hydrolysis of the butanol fraction did not show anti-inflammatory action. These findings confirm the value of Platycodi radix as a traditional Korean medicine.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.180-185
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• 2005

In the process of investigating anti-obesity effect of Platycodi Radix, we found that aqueous extract of Platycodi Radix might inhibit intestinal absorption of dietary fat by inhibiting pancreatic lipase (PL) activity. In order to clarify the anti-obesity mechanism of Platycodi Radix, activity-guided isolation was performed to find active components. The total saponin fraction of Platycodi Radix appeared to have a potent inhibitory activity against the hydrolysis of triolein emulsified with phosphatidycholine by pancreatic lipase in vitro. Based on these results, further purification of active components yielded 10 known triterpenoidal saponins, among these compounds, platycodin A, C, D, and deapioplatycodin D exhibited significant inhibitory effects on PL at the concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ with 3.3, 5.2, 34.8, and $11.67\%$ pancreatic lipase activity vs control, respectively. Platycodin D was found to inhibit the PL activity in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the anti-obesity effect of Platycodi Radix might be due to the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by its saponins.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Objectives : The researcher investigated the anti-obesity effect of Platycodi Radix (P), Platycodi Radix and Cyperi Rhizoma combination water extract (PC) in mice fed a high fat diet and focused on the analysis of local area adipose tissue.Methods : Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, which were fed either a normal AIN diet (N group), a high fat diet (HFD group), or a high fat diet and orally administration with a concentraion of 300 mg/kg body weight (P group or PC group) for eight weeks.Results : Compared to mice in the HFD group, mice in the P group or PC group showed significant reductions in weight gain and relative weight of total fat. Compared to mice in the HFD group, mice in the P group showed significant reductions in relative weight of liver. In blood biochemistry analysis, AST, ALT, triglyceride, total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol, AI levels of P group or PC group were significantly lower than those of the control group AI. But serum serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol levels from the P group or PC group were significantly higher than those of the HFD mice in serum. And serum adiponectin levels from the P group or PC group were significantly increased that those of the HFD mice. And adipocyte number in the fat tissue from the P group or PC group was significantly higher than those of the HFD mice.Conclusions : Platycodi Radix, Platycodi Radix-Cyperi Rhizoma have an anti-obesity effect in mice and the effect is mediated by inhibition of fat gain.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2012

Cigarette smoking is known to be associated with various chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases ranging from inflammation to cancer. Not only first-hand smoke but also second-hand smoke is suggested to be a factor of health risk. This study was to investigate whether Platycodi Radix extract administration would alter oxidative stress in lung leading to protection of cigarette smoke-induced lung damage. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups; Intact, Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle. In Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle group, the exposure to cigarette smoke was performed for 15 min/day for 4 weeks in ventilated smoking chamber. The Platycodi Radix extract and saline were orally administrated to Smoke+PR and Smoke+Vehicle group each. The rats of Intact group were just kept in ventilated chamber without cigarette smoke. After the experiment for 4 weeks, the lung tissues were collected for histological observation and immunohistochemistry. In Results, airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia were observed after 4 weeks' exposure to cigarette smoke. Whereas, the oral administration of Platycodi Radix extract for 4 weeks reduced airspace enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia. Moreover, the alterations of BAX/Bcl-2 proteins in lung tissues were observed. These results suggest that Platycodi Radix extract ameliorates lung damage in cigarette smoke-exposed rats and has protective effects on second-hand smoke injury.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2010

This report describes 90 prescriptions related to the use of Platycodi Radix main blended from Dongeuibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Platycodi Radix as a key component. Prescriptions that Platycodi Radix was taken as a monarch drug are utilized for 30 therapeutic purposes, for example, cough disease, throat disease, abscess and pus, and wind disease. In particular, 12.1% of prescriptions appear in the chapter of cough, and 9.9% of those appear in the chapter of throat, and each 8.8% of those appear in the chapter of abscess and of wind disease. Prescriptions that utilize Platycodi Radix as the main ingredient are used in the treatment of cough disease, throat disease and abscess, and they are also used for treating 74 different types of disease. The prescriptions are compounded with Platycodi Radix as a monarch drug are related to exogenous agents such as wind-cold pathogen, wind-heat pathogen, epidemic diseases, and endogenous agents such as seven emotions, and non-endo-exopathogenic factors like excessive labor, deficiency of Qi and blood, phlegm-mass, phlegm-fire, ect. The dosage of Platycodi Radix is 2pun(about 0.75g) to 1nyang(about 37.5g), however 1don (about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. We can find out that according to herbs or prescriptions blended with it self, Platycodi Radix makes a variety of functions to penetrate lung stagnancy and remove phlegm, relieve throat pain and get rid of pus, and regulate Qi flow. And Gamgiltang is the most useful base prescription which used the Platycodi Radix as the main component.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.772-781
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine the development of a new anti-inflammatory substance with potent anti-inflammatory activities that was derived from the Platycodi Radix butanol fraction. To accomplish this, the chemical structures and anti-inflammatory activities of the components were elucidated. Upon column chromatography of the tertiary subfraction, fractions 8-4-1 and 8-4-2 were identified as platycodin D and D3, respectively, following recrystallization, based on melting point (MP), infrared (IR), and positive fast atom bombardment (FAB)-mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data. Platycodin D and D3 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activities in rats when administerd at oral doses of 12 mg/kg and 36 mg/kg, p.o., respectively. Platycodin D and D3 induced inhibitory effects on capillary vascular permeability in rats at oral doses of 16 mg/kg and 24 mg/kg, p.o., respectively, and potent inhibition of leukocyte emigration in a carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-pouch when administered at doses of 3 mg/rat and 7 mg/rat, s.c., respectively. These results verified the high antiinflammatory potency of the platycodin D and D3 components in Platycodi Radix.