• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.136-152
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• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the prevalence of fatigue. and factors influencing fatigue in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects were 124 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Most of all patients felt fatigue and mean score measured by Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue was relatirely high. Fatigue was positively correlated with pain intensity, the number of pain sites, functional disability, depression. and sleep quality. A hierachical regression model was used to determine the variance which accounts for fatigue. Pain intensity, depression. sleep quality accounted for fatigue significantly. This finding indicates that pain influences fatigue through depression and sleep quality ; depression through sleep quality. The causative factors could be identified by further study of structural eqation model.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.230-249
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the affecting factors on the adaptation to uncertainty in patients having rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects of the study constituted 222 patients who visited outpatient of rheumatic center in Seoul. Self report questionnaires were used to measure the variables affecting the adaptation to uncertainty. The variables affecting the adaptation to uncertainty were uncertainty, mastery, appraisal of danger, appraisal of opportunity, emotion focused coping, problem focused coping, pain, depression and activity of daily life(ADL). Reliability coefficients of these instruments were found Cronbach's $Alpha\;=\;.70{\sim}.94$. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows. 1) The range of total pain scores was from 0 to 147 and the mean score of the pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 72.64. 2) The range of total depression scores was from 20 to 72 and the mean score of the depression in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 39.86. 3) The range of total ADL scores was from 22 to 80 and the mean score of the ADL in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 72.56. 4) Among the independent variables, significant factors to explain the adaptation to pain in patients were danger appraisal of uncertainty(p<.05) and emotion focused coping(p<.05). 5) Among the independent variables, significant factors to explain the adaptation to depression in patients were danger appraisal of uncertainty(p<.001), opportunity appraisal of uncertainty(p<.001) and mastery(p<.005). 6) Among the independent variables, significant factors to explain the adaptation to ADL in patients were mastery(p<.001) and danger appraisal of uncertainty(p<.05).

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.65-73
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to prove the effect of Gamikyejakjimo-tang (ji$\bar{a}$w$\grave{e}$igu$\grave{i}$sh$\acute{a}$ozh$\bar{i}$m-t$\bar{a}$ng, GK) on rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We checked viability and measured production of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ in RAW 264.7 cell after treat by GK. Then we measured rheumatoid arthritis index score of DBA/1 mice with rheumatoid arthritis induced by CIA after GK oral administration, checked IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-${\alpha}$ and hs-CRP tests in serum. Also we were observed mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in spleen by RT-PCR. Results : GK showed cell viability of 100% or higher in all concentration in RAW 264.7 cells. GK inhibited LPS-induced productions of rheumatoid arthritis mediators cytokine in RAW 264.7cells. GK treated group showed improvement from rheumatoid arthritis at decreased the index score. Also, GK treated group decreased level in serum of IL-1b, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-a and hs-CRP tests by 31%, 35%, 20%, 57% and 58% respectively. Finally, GK treated group showed decrease expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA in spleen by 46%, 51%, 25% and 42% respectively. Conclusions : In this study, in-vitro and in-vivo results observed rheumatoid arthritis factors cytokine of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-${\alpha}$ decrease in RAW 264.7 cells, serum, mRNA expression. Also, GK showed decrease of inflammation figure in hs-CRP tests depending on effect of rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, these results can used as a effective drug of GK for rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1105-1114
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the scaling experience and related factors of people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The subjects were 30,680 people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis from the 2014 community health survey who were $${\geq_-}19$$ years old. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Those having regular scaling included well educated people, drinkers, more than three times tooth brushing practice, and regular dental checkup. The respondents were in the higher quartile of income And the respondents who were in the higher quartile of income were less likely to have scaling experience (p<0.05). Conclusions: The scaling experience was closely related with the age, educational level, residential area, income, drinking, tooth brushing practice, and regular dental checkup. It is necessary to investigate the influencing factors of rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal diseases in the further studies.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.137-159
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors and the genetic polymorphism of TNF-alpha associated with rheumatoid arthritis by Sasang constitution Methods : This study was planned to detect the susceptibility of the patients diagnosed by rheumatoid arthritis to Sasang Constitution and to examine the risk factor such as life style and environmental stress (smoking, environmental tobacco smoke, alcohol intake and so on). The genetic polymorphism of TNF-alpha (G308A) were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls. Rheumatoid arthritis patients and matched controls are assessed with QSCCII question for Sasang Typology. Then the genetic polymorphism of patients by Sasang constitution are compared to those of control, which are statistically analyzed and adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, BMI, and econocmic status. Results: Differential effect of passive smoking on the association between Sasang constitution and rheumatoid arthritis risk was found. This study showed that the genetic polymorphism (TNF-${\alpha}$(G308A)) of rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls associated with the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis by sasang constitution was analyzed. Differential effects of TNF-${\alpha}$(G308) genetic polymorphism on the association between rheumatoid arthritis risk and Sasang constitution were found. Conclusion : It is suggested that the genetic polymorphism correlated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis by specific sasang constitution used as its susceptibility marker and further as basic data to prevent the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. But larger studies will be needed to confirm these preliminary findings.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with trust in health care professionals among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Subjects for this study were 247 patients registered in general hospitals and the period of data collection was from February 25 to May 20, 2014. The data were analyzed with t-test and ANOVA. Results: The mean of trust in health care professionals was 3.11 in patients. There were significant differences in trust in health care professionals by age, marriage, and executing exercise of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Trust in health care professionals among patients with rheumatoid arthritis was important to manage rheumatoid arthritis. To promote trust in health care professionals among patients with rheumatoid arthritis, subjects' age, marriage state and executing exercise in their daily living should be considered.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.228-241
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 288 women with rheumatoid arthritis was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital. Data were collected by reviewing the women's medical charts and self-report questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 27.8%, 5.9% and 48.3%, respectively. Despite the high prevalence of dyslipidemia, the subjects'awareness of it and its treatment rates were the lowest, which resulted in a low control rate. Of the 288 subjects, 158 (55%) had at least one of the three conditions. The prevalence of the combination of cardiovascular risk factors increased with age, and 32.7% of those aged 60 or older had two or three of the cardiovascular risk factors. Combinations of cardiovascular risk factors were significantly related with severe pain and fatigue. Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent among the women with rheumatoid arthritis, but the rates of awareness, treatment, and control were suboptimal. There is a pressing need to facilitate the prevention, early detection and appropriate management of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in order to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2016

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that can affect the cervical spine, especially the atlantoaxial region. The present study evaluated the risk factors for atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) development and progression in patients who have undergone surgical treatment. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the data of 62 patients with RA and surgically treated AAS between 2002 and 2015. Additionally, we identified 62 patients as controls using propensity score matching of sex and age among 12667 RA patients from a rheumatology registry between 2007 and 2015. We extracted patient data, including sex, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, disease duration, radiographic hand joint changes, and history of methotrexate use, and laboratory data, including presence of rheumatoid factor and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Results : The mean patient age at diagnosis was 38.0 years. The mean time interval between RA diagnosis and AAS surgery was $13.6{\pm}7.0$ years. The risk factors for surgically treated AAS development were the serum CRP level (p=0.005) and radiographic hand joint erosion (p=0.009). The risk factors for AAS progression were a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion (p<0.001) and young age at RA diagnosis (p=0.04). Conclusion : The CRP level at RA diagnosis and a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion might be risk factors for surgically treated AAS development in RA patients. Additionally, a short time interval between RA diagnosis and radiographic hand joint erosion and young age at RA diagnosis might be risk factors for AAS progression.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on the social support perceived by patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: The subjects for this study were 468 patients registered in 2 general hospitals and the period of data collection was from October 20, 2013 to February 20, 2014. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: The mean of item of social support was 3.31 in patients. For social support, there were significant differences by gender and economics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Managing social support was important for patients with rheumatoid arthritis to promote health. To enhance social support of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, nursing intervention strategies must be developed for increasing economics or giving information about their activity of daily living.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.2 s.28
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• pp.373-396
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• 1994

The studies look at the causes, pathology, symptom, diagnosis, treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the sight of east-western medicine. Following are the results : 1. Rheumatoid arthritis korean-medically belongs to symptom such as Bi(痺), Poung Bi(風痺), Tong Poung(痛風), Youk Jeol Poung(歷節風), Bak Hoe Poung(白虎風), Bak Hoe Youk Jeol Poung(白虎歷節風), etc. 2. The causes of Rheumatoid arthritis are endopathic and exopathic : endopathically it tis related to Chil Jeong(七情) and visceral imbalance, and exopathically it is related to Euk Eum (六淫) and environmental factors. 3. To figure out rheumatoid arthritis, we need to diagnose first the joint symptom and the general body condition, we need about 6 weeks to get the exact decision after the serologic test, the immune and inheritance test, the synovium test. 4. There are four kinds of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis : medicin, acupucture and moxibustion, suction cup and purging away the blood, physical therapy. Cheong Eol So Bi(淸熱消痺) can be used for the acute stage and Jang Bu Seong Shai(臟腑盛衰) is to be considered for the chronic stage. 5. Rheumatoid arthritis should be constantly treated to prevent the patient from the deformity of joint complication.