• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1412-1418
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• 2003

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. I fed normal group fed normal diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, control group fed high fat diet and administered DDW 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample A group fed high diet and administered YGJT 300mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks, sample B group fed high diet and administered YGJT 500mg/kg 0.2㎖ during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A and Sample B were significantly decreased body weight(4weeks) and serum free fatty acid level in comparison with control group. 2. Sample A was significantly decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level and serum total lipid level, but significantly increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 3. Sample A was decreased serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. 4. Sample B was increased serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with control group. 5. Sample B was decreased body weight(7weeks), serum total cholesterol level, serum LDL-cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with control group. According to above results, I suggest YGJT is able to be used for the herbal medication of obesity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 2006

This study investigated the correlation of the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins and serum lipids and MDA levels in postmenopausal women. Data about general characteristics, dietary intakes and biochemical parameters, including serum lipids, MDA and antioxidant vitamins levels, were collected from 85 postmenopausal women. The subjects were classified into three groups according to their serum total cholesterol level: normocholesterolemia group (NC, < 200 mg/dL), moderate hypercholesterolemia group (MC, $200{\sim}239mg/dL$) and hypercholesterolemia group(HC, ${\geq}240mg/dL$). The results are as follows. 1) General characteristics and serum MDA levels were not significantly different among the three groups. 2) Daily nutrients intakes adjusted to energy intake were not significantly different among the three groups, and were compatible with dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Koreans. 3) Dietary Vt. A, ${\beta}-carotene$, Vt. C and Vt. E intake were not significantly different among the groups, while Vt. E intake was positively related with serum TC (r=0.288, p<0.05) and triglyceride (r=0.341, p<0.001) levels. 4) Serum Vt. A level standardized by serum TC level was significantly low and serum Vt. E level was significantly high in the HC group. Serum Vt. E level was positively related with serum TC level (r=0.389, p<0.001). 5) Dietary Vt. E intake was negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.242 p<0.05). Serum Vt. C and Vt. E levels were also negatively correlated to serum MDA level (r=-0.312, p<0.001 and r=-0.299, p<0.05). When the correlation was analyzed only in the group with hypercholesterolemia, correlation coefficients between the antioxidant vitamin and serum MDA level were higher. We concluded that intakes of antioxidant vitamins can contribute to decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease by decreasing the oxidative stress of body rather than by controlling serum lipid levels.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.919-923
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• 1974

Serum calcium level was decreased by submaxillary gland removal in rate. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the above change, the authors examined the effects of thyroxine, vitamin D₂, and calcium gluconate, which influence the metabolisms of calcium and submaxillary gland, on the serum calcium level of the intact and submaxillary gland removal rats. The results were as follows: 1) Serum calcium level decreased by submaxillary gland removal. 2) Vitamin D₂, increased the serum calcium level significantly. 3) Thyroxine falied to recover the decreased serum calcium level induced by submaxillary gland removal to the control level. 4) In submaxillary gland removal rats, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 5) In thyroxine administered rats for 55 days, of which submaxillary glands were removed, vitamin D₂ failed to increase the serum calcium level. 6) The serum calcium level in intact rats was increased slightly, but increased significantly in submaxillary gland removal rats shortly after intravenous injection of calcium gluconate.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2008

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Ijin-tang add Atractylodis rhizoma and Atratcylodis macrocephalae rhizoma (IJTAA) on the change of weight and serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced by high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed normal diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed high fat diet and administered distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 500 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed high fat diet and administered IJTAA 700 ㎎/㎏/day/mouse during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly decreased in body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were significantly increased in serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. In Sample A group and Sample B group, There were decreased in serum LDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest IJTAA is able to be used for managing obesity by controllong body weight, serum total cholesterol level, serum triglyceride level, serum free fatty acid level, serum total lipid level and serum phospholipid level.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.352-357
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• 2006

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus $S_{EEM}$ leaves, stems, roots (ACL, ACS, ACR) on the change of weight and the serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid and phospholipid level in obese mice induced Dy high fat diet. Experimental groups were as follows ; Normal group was fed with normal diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Control group was fed with high fat diet and administered with distilled water during 7 weeks, Sample A group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACL of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample B group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACS of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks, Sample C group was fed with high fat diet and administered with ACR of 500 mg/kg/mouse/day during 7 weeks. The results were as follows ; 1. Sample A group, Sample B group and Sample C group were significantly decreased the serum total lipid level in comparison with Control group. 2. Sample A group was decreased the body weight (4 weeks, 7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol level, the serum triglyceride level, the serum free fatty acid and phospholipid level but increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level in comparison with Control group. 3. Sample B group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum free fatty acid and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. 4. Sample B group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid level in comparison with Control group. 5. Sample C group was increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level but decreased the body weight (4 weeks) and the serum free fatty acid level in comparison with Control group. 6. Sample C group was significantly decreased the body weight (7 weeks), the serum total cholesterol level, the serum LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride level in comparison with Control group. According to above results, I suggest ACR is able to be used for the obesity.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.369-372
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• 1972

This study was investigated that effects of steroid hormones on serum sodium and potassium concentration in parathyroidectomized chickens. The results are as followings; 1) Serum sodium and potassium concentration in SHAM-controls were unchanged. 2) In parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased more than that of control and serum sodium level appeared no change in each group. 3) In group of administration of cortisone in parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased generally more than that of control and serum sodium level appeared no change in each group. 4) In group of administration of testosterone in parathyroidectomized chickens, serum potassium level increased generally more than that of control and serum sodium level revealed no change in each group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.330-337
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins in relation to serum malondialdehye(MDA) level in postmenopausal women with common occurance of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Data about general characteristics including smoking, drinking and exercise status, dietary intake and serum level of antioxidant vitamins, and serum MDA level were collected from eighty-five postmenopausal women. Mean serum MDA level was 1.62$\pm$0.03nmol/ml, and general characteristics and serum lipid profiles were not significantly different among the three group: low MDA(<1.45nmol/ml), midium MDA(1.45-1.74nmol/ml) and high MDA($\geq$1.74nmol/ml). Total mean vitamin A intake was 472.8$\pm$37.7RE, 68% of RDA, vitamin C intake was 134.3$\pm$8.7mg, 192% of RDA and vitamin E intake was 8.6$\pm$0.5mg, 86% of RDA for Korean. In takes of antioxidant vitamins from the diet were not significantly different among the three groups. However significant negative correlation(r=-0.242, p<0.05) was observed between vitamin E intake and serum MDA level in total subjects. Total mean serum vitamin A, $\beta$-carotene and vitamin C level were 0.59$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 0.25$\pm$0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 9.02$\pm$0.28$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, respectively. Total mean serum vitamin E and vitamin E/total cholesterol level were 9.15$\pm$0.42$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 4.09$\pm$0.17$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, respectively. Serum antioxidant vitamins levels were not significantly different among the three groups. However serum vitamin C and E level were negatively correlated to serum MDA level. We can conclude that it will be helpful for postmenopausal women with common occurance of CVD to improve nutritional status of antioxidant vitamins by increasing intakes of antioxidant vitamins, especially vitamin C and E. (Korean J Nutrition 34(3) : 330~337, 2001)

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to estimate the mineral intakes and serum mineral levels of pregnant and lactating women. The subjects consisted of 34 non-pregnant, 56 pregnant and 20 lactating women. Nutrients intakes were investigated by the 24-hr recall method, and serum major and trace minerals were analyzed by the ICP-spectrometry. Calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) intakes were observed lower than RDA especially for both pregnant and lactating women. Iron (Fe) intake of pregnant women was $85 - 139\%$ RDA through Fe supplementation, and that of lactating women was lower than RDA. Compared with non-pregnant women, the pregnant women had similar Ca intake and higher magnesium (Mg) intake. Comparing with the non-pregnant women, serum Ca level in pregnancy was lower, and that of lactating women was not significantly different. Serum phosphorus and Mg levels were not significantly different among the groups. Serum Fe level of pregnant and lactating women was lower than that of the non-pregnant women. Serum Zn level of pregnant women was lower than those in the lactating and non-pregnant women. Serum copper level decreased as the pregnancy progressed. Serum sodium (Na) level was higher in 2nd- and 3rd trimester and potassium (K) level was higher in 3rd trimester and lactating period than other groups. Na/K ratio was not significantly different among the groups. During all periods, there was no correlation between dietary intakes and serum levels in each minerals. Serum Ca level positively corrleated with serum Mg level, especially in 3rd trimester and lactating women. In general, serum mineral levels in pregnancy were changed compared to the levels in non-pregnancy and restored in lactation to the levels for non-pregnancy.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives: Taraxaci Herba (TH) have been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a heat-clearing, detoxifying and stimulating milk secretion drug. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TH on the sex hormone changes and lipid metabolism in the experimental model. Methods: The experimental model of menopause was induced by bilateral ovariectomy in rats. We used TH extract with freeze-dried and $200{\pm}20g$ female Sprague-dawley rats for this Study. The level of serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum HDL-cholesterol, serum total estrogen, serum progesterone, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and body weight were measured. Results: The results of this study were obtained as follows; 1. Sample A and Sample B significantly decreased body weight and level of serum total cholesterol, and significantly increased level of serum total estrogen as compared with control group. 2. Sample A decreased level of serum triglyceride, and was increased level of HDL-cholesterol, serum progesterone, serum FSH as compared with control group. 3. Sample B significantly increased level of HDL-cholesterol, serum FSH as compared with control group. 4. Sample B decreased level of serum triglyceride, and was increased level of serum progesterone as compared with control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that TH could be applied effectively on the treatment of menopausal syndrome.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1992

The alterations in serum and urine potassium were studied in twenty two patients who underwent open heart surgery using extracorporeal circulation from June 1990 to August 1990 at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kei-myung University. There were fifteen cases congenital heart disease and seven acquired heart disease. The serum and urine potassium levels were measured pre-, intra- and postoperatively until seventh postoperative day using ionic selective electrode measuring method. After general anesthesia, the serum potassium level decreased significantly but slowly increased during.cardiopulmonary bypass and returned preoperative level after operation. The urine potassium level decreased slowly from general anesthesia to cardiopulmonary bypass weaning but returned preoperative level following operation. During cardiopulmonary bypass, serum and urine potassium levels in diuretic group were lower than that of non diuretic group. There was no remarkable difference in the serum potassium level between single RA cannulation group and bicaval cannulation group preoperatively, but the serum potassium level in single RA cannulation group was much higher than that of bicaval cannulation group. There was no significant difference in the urine potassium level between single RA can-nulation group and bicaval cannulation group postoperatively.