• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.213-218
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• 2000

An experimental study was performed to investigate the effect of surface temperature mismatch on measurements of skin friction using a plug-type skin friction gage mounted on the side wall of a supersonic wind tunnel. The freestream Mach number was 2.4 and Reynolds number per meter was $5.25 {\times}10^7$ with total pressure of 50 psi and total temperature of 275K. Temperature mismatch between the gage surface and surrounding wall surface was generated by hot water injection using the active temperature control system. Results of the tests showed that the temperature mismatch made sizable effects on the measurements of skin friction.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2010

Over the years, scientists have developed many test methods to evaluate the efficacy of skin care products. The needs for objective assessment have stimulated to develop instruments that are capable of reliably monitoring some parameters in evaluating skin conditions. The beauty is evaluated as a measure of smoothness of skin surface. Quantitative size measurements of skin pores is also important concept to evaluate the their conditions. The purpose of this paper is to measure the temperature change of skin and the size of pores in the skin. The pore sizes were changed by its varying skin temperature. They were decreased by applying a essence which is contained with propellant and contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.478-483
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• 1997

Six adult female Murrah buffaloes of about 12 years were exposed to solar radiation during summer when minimum and maximum ambient temperatures were 27.1 and $44.1^{\circ}C$, respectively. The skin surface temperature at forehead, middle pinna, neck, rump, foreleg, hind legs were recorded using non-contact temperature measuring instrument and respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured throughout the 24 hours starting from 6:30 AM. The diurnal fluctuations and temperature gradients have been reported for buffaloes. During summer when ambient temperature and solar radiation was maximum, adult buffaloes were not able to maintain their thermal balance even after increasing the pulmonary frequency 5 - 6 times. The changes in skin temperature at various sites indicate that the temperature of skin surface not only varies in relation to exposure but also due to water diffusion and evaporation.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2017

A pressure sensor in pulse measurement system is a core component for precisely measuring the pulse waveform of radial artery. A pulse sensor signal that measures the pulse wave in contact with the skin is affected by the temperature difference between the ambient temperature and skin surface. In this study, we found experimentally that the signal changes of the pressure sensors and a temperature sensor were caused by the temperature of the wrist surface while the pressure sensor was contacted on the skin surface for measuring pulse wave. To observe the signal change of the pulse sensor caused by temperature increase on sensor surface, Peltier device that can be kept at a set temperature was used. As the temperature of Peltier device was kept at $35^{\circ}C$ (the maximum wrist temperature), the device was put on the pulse sensor surface. The temperature and pressure signals were obtained simultaneously from a temperature sensor and six pressure sensors embedded in the pulse sensor. As a result of signal analysis, the sensor pressure was decreased during temperature increase of pulse sensor surface. In addition, the signal difference ratio of pressure and temperature sensors with respect to thickness of cover layer in pulse sensor was increased exponentially. Therefore, the signal of pressure sensor was modified by the compensation equation derived by the temperature sensor signal. We suggested that the thickness of cover layer in pulse sensor should be designed considering the skin surface temperature.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.240-249
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• 2020

This study reviews studies that used skin temperature in order to establish an emotion evaluation protocol based on skin temperature for home appliances. A survey of skin temperature evaluation papers was conducted by the following five stages: (1) keyword search, (2) title screening, (3) abstract screening, (4) full paper screening, and (5) relevance evaluation. Selected papers were reviewed for: purpose, recruitment criteria of participants, the number of participants, apparatus, procedure, measures, analysis methods, and major findings. Thermistor sensors and thermography are used for the measurement of skin temperature. Skin temperature sensors are attached to 4 - 10 locations on the body and their mean of skin temperature is calculated by Ramanatan's 4-point or Hardy & Dubois's 7-point method. Semantic differential (SD) method and thermography measuring facial surface temperature have been used for emotion evaluation. The SD method provides a set of adjective pairs related to a product and evaluates changes in emotion from the use of the product. The range of facial surface analyzed is defined in the thermal image and temperature changes before and after the evaluation are analyzed. The evaluation items of home appliances include form, color, material, aesthetics, satisfaction, novelty, convenience, pleasantness, and excellence. Many existing emotion studies using skin temperature do not apply physiological and psychological methods. This study provides basic data to establish a skin temperature and emotion evaluation protocol by examining literature for skin temperature and evaluation of sensitivity.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.657-662
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• 2002

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) estimated from satellite data are affected by various kinds of disturbance factors. In order to accurately estimate SSTs based on radiometric data observed by satellite, it is important to correct the effects by these disturbance factors. We obtained a huge data set of skin sea surface temperature images observed by a thermal infrared camera (TIC) in MUBEX Campaign. TIC installed on an observation vessel recorded sea surface skin temperature distribution under various weather conditions. Based on some special images observed by TIC, we estimated skin effects and effective sea surface emissivity. In this paper, we report the methods and results of these estimations.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate statistical variations and relationships of blood pressure (BP), phtotplethysmography (PPG) and cardiovascular parameters on changes in local skin surface temperature (SST) during gradual cooling and heating. Results showed that local SST changes affected the Finometer BP, the PPG waveforms and total peripheral resistance, but not oscillometric BP, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output. Therefore, in order to reduce for the errors, temperatures should be controlled or compensated when components of the PPG waveform are used to evaluate cardiovascular status in temperature variation environments.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

In this research, consumer awareness investigation and wearing test were carried out for obtaining useful data on the development of thermo-sensitive functional clothing material. A survey involved 216 people in Seoul and Kyeonggi-do, and 200 questionnaires data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency using SPSS 17.0. Four healthy men in twenties were participated for wearing test. Subjects in normal loungewear were exposed to temperature change from the initial temperature $30^{\circ}C$ down to $5^{\circ}C$ for an hour in a climate chamber. The environmental temperature, surface temperature of garment and skin were measured. As a result, most of respondents have all season clothing products such as underwear, hosiery, and jogging suit for loungewear. Also, thermo regulator y functional clothes are frequently used as underwear and sweat shirt. The consumer awareness investigation on thermo regulatory functional clothing showed that the most important key buying factor is quick climate temperature response, easy maintenance, design and cost, in that order. Surface temperature of garment went down with the cooling down of environmental temperature. The lower environmental temperature, the greater temperature difference by body part showed. Skin temperature change by environmental temperature showed similar tendency of garment surface temperature. In comparison between garment surface and body skin, temperature difference became larger under the lower environmental temperature.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1462-1468
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• 2021

Purpose; The purpose of this study is to objectively identify and quantify the wearer's feelings of wearing glasses. Methods: The temperature of the skin on the nose ridges and ear, and the area where the glasses were seated, was measured using a thermal imaging camera. Results: Before wearing the glasses, the temperature of the skin surface on the nasal ridge was 34.908 ± 0.875 ℃ and the temperature of the ear region was determined as 31.981 ± 0.549 ℃. The changed temperature measured at 5 minutes later after taking off the glasses showed that the nasal ridge was determined as 35.467 ± 0.342 ℃ and the ear area was determined as 32.994 ± 0.412 ℃ (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this experiment, it was revealed that the glasses cause discomfort and heat in the fitting area. It was the first attempt to study objectively and scientifically. Analysis of frame fitting points by using thermal camera is expected to be helpful when consulting a sensitive person about changes in the fit of glasses.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.617-629
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• 2020

Sea surface temperature (SST), which plays an important role in climate change and global environmental change, can be divided into skin sea surface temperature (SSST) observed by satellite infrared sensors and the bulk temperature of sea water (BSST) measured by instruments. As sea surface temperature products distributed by many overseas institutions represent temperatures at different depths, it is essential to understand the relationship between the SSST and the BSST. In this study, we constructed an observation system of infrared radiometer onboard a marine research vessel for the first time in Korea to measure the SSST. The calibration coefficients were prepared by performing the calibration procedure of the radiometer device in the laboratory prior to the shipborne observation. A series of processes were applied to calculate the temperature of the layer of radiance emitted from the sea surface as well as that from the sky. The differences in skin-bulk temperatures were investigated quantitatively and the characteristics of the vertical structure of temperatures in the upper ocean were understood through comparison with Himawari-8 geostationary satellite SSTs. Comparison of the skin-bulk temperature differences illustrated overall differences of about 0.76℃ at Jangmok port in the southern coast and the offshore region of the eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula from 21 April to May 6, 2020. In addition, the root-mean-square error of the skin-bulk temperature differences showed daily variation from 0.6℃ to 0.9℃, with the largest difference of 0.83-0.89℃ at 1-3 KST during the daytime and the smallest difference of 0.59℃ at 15 KST. The bias also revealed clear diurnal variation at a range of 0.47-0.75℃. The difference between the observed skin sea surface temperature and the satellite sea surface temperature showed a mean square error of approximately 0.74℃ and a bias of 0.37℃. The analysis of this study confirmed the difference in the skin-bulk temperatures according to the observation depth. This suggests that further ocean shipborne infrared radiometer observations should be carried out continuously in the offshore regions to understand diurnal variation as well as seasonal variations of the skin-bulk SSTs and their relations to potential causes.