• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1998

The purpose of this study were to clarify the concepts, origin, and roles of standard, to diagnose the standard developed in contemporary family living, and to suggest desirable standard for effective home management. Five prevalent standards found in managing family resources were convenient-oriented standard, others-oriented standard, material-oriented standard, individual-oriented standard, and frugal-oriented standard. The changes of social and cultural environments and family resources affecting these standards and some problems resulted from these were discussed. Considering undesirable effect of old standards on resource management, family relationship, quality of life, and society in general, these old standards should be replaced by compromise convenient-oriented standard, self-oriented standard, being-oriented, joint-oriented standard, and new frugal-oriented standard. Some recommendations for future research, publicity, and policy were suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) level on the dry matter (DM) yield, N concentration and oxalate content of some tropical grasses, namely Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and Sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare). Three levels of N as urea were applied (Standard- 260, $Standard{\times}2$- 540 and$Standard{\times}4$- 1,060 kg N/ha for Rhodesgrass; Standard- 380, $Standard{\times}2$- 770 and $Standard{\times}4$- 1,570 kg N/ha for Guineagrass and Sudangrass) in a completely randomized design and grasses were harvested twice at approximately two-month intervals. Dry matter yield tended to be higher with increased rate of N fertilizer in all species, while further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) did not significantly (p>0.05) further increase DM yield, when compared with the Standard level of N fertilizer application. There was also a trend towards higher N concentration in plants as N fertilization increased in all species and it was increased significantly in Rhodesgrass and Sudangrass (p<0.05 or p<0.01, respectively). Further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) application showed no significant (p>0.05) differences on oxalate content in plant tissue within species, when compared with the Standard level of N. The Rhodesgrass contained 0.11, 0.13 and 0.15% soluble oxalate and 0.23, 0.25 and 0.27% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Guineagrass contained 0.54, 0.50 and 0.42% soluble oxalate and 1.60, 1.56 and 1.45% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Sudangrass contained 0.06, 0.15 and 0.12% soluble oxalate and 0.22, 0.22 and 0.21% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively The results from this study suggest that these grasses do not use further addition of N fertilizer ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) to form high content of oxalate salts, when compared with the Standard level of N. In addition, the levels of oxalate present with these grasses are quite low as far as toxicity to animals is concerned.

• 기술사
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2013

2010년 이래 '국격'이라는 말이 정치지도자들이나 네티즌들 사이에 많이 회자되고 있다. 규격/표준은 '사실상의 표준[de facto standard]'과 '공적표준[de jure standard]'이 있다. 국가품질수준을 말하는 국격은 그 국가의 헌법에 규정되고 있는 내용이다. 국가의 공적인 표준인 헌법이 아무리 수준 높게 잘 제정되고 있어도 잘 준수되지 않으면 사실상의 국격은 낮게 인식된다. 한 두 프로젝트의 성공이나 어떤 정책의 성공이 당장 국격을 향상시킬 수 있는 것은 아니다 국격을 생각하는 사람은 과학과 기술을 생각해야 하는 시대이다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4174-4190
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• 2019

IEC 62304 is a standard for the medical device software lifecycle. Developers must develop software that complies with all specifications in the standard for licensing. However, because the standard contains not only a large number of specifications, but also domain-specific information and association relationships between specifications, it requires considerable effort and time for developers to understand and interpret the standard. To support developers, this paper presents a method for extracting the contents of the IEC 62304 standard as a goal model, which is the core methodologies of requirements engineering. The proposed method analyzes the grammar of the standard to robustly extract complex structures and various information from standard specifications and define rules that extract goals and links from syntactic element units. We validated the actual extraction process for the standard document experimentally. Based on the extracted goal model, developers can intuitively and efficiently comply with the standard and track specific information within the medical software and standard domains.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-121
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• 2017

모든 영역에서 조직의 디지털 자산을 보호하기 위해, 보안 규제를 강제하고 있는 추세이다. 문제는 조직 내의 보안 통제장치 가운데 투입된 노력이나 보안 수준을 외부에서 확인할 수 없는 통제장치가 존재한다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 확인할 수 없는 통제장치가 존재하는 경우, 합리적인 보안 수준이 무엇인지 불완전 계약이론을 적용하여 분석하였다. 이를 위해, 확인할 수 없는 통제장치를 무시하는 경우의 비이성적 규제(naive standard)와 모두 확인할 수 있다고 가정할 경우의 완전정보하의 규제와 비교 분석하였다. 결과는 통제장치의 구성에 따라 달라졌다. 우선 평형구성(parallel configuration)하에서는 완전정보하의 규제와 최적규제가 동일하였으며, 순차구성(serial configuration)하에서는 최적규제 수준이 낮아야 하며, 다른 비교대상 규제와는 차이를 보였다. 최적구성(best shot configuration)하에서 확인가능한 통제장치가 비용 효율성이 높은 경우, 흥미롭게도 비합리적 규제가 최적규제수준과 동일한 것으로 나타났다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.56-67
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to suggest the standard ICU nursing procedure and standard ICU nursing practice time carried out according to the standard ICU nursing procedure. Methods: Through the literature review, 35 standard ICU nursing activities were selected and classified under 6 categories. Standard nursing procedures were described by research team and 4 clinical practice experts. Content validity of descripted nursing procedure was performed by 6 clinical practice experts. After that standard ICU nursing procedures were identified, standard nursing practice times were checked through 1:1 observation. Results: 35 ICU nursing activities were identified and categorized into 6 domains of activities. Also, their standard nursing procedures were identified, and finally 33 standard nursing practice times were measured and analyzed. The result of the measurement, 1 ICU nursing activity was spent above 30 minutes, 3 activities done within 10-20 minutes, 4 activities done within 5-10 minutes, and 25 activities were spent below 5 minutes. Conclusion: Through this study, 35 standard ICU nursing procedures were described and 33 standard ICU nursing practice times which carried out according to standard ICU nursing procedures were checked. The result can be as fundamental data for the study of nursing activity time in the ICU.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.276-291
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• 2002

현행 교육과정의 지리교육내용은 포괄적이고 추상적으로 제시되고 있다. 또한 전체 교육의 일부분으로 설정되기 때문에, 지리교육 자체의 교육 내용 체계화를 이루기 어렵다. 본 연구에서는 현행 교육과정을 보완하고 지리교육 내용을 체계화하는 방법으로, 지리학에 기반을 둔 지리교육 내용의 표준 설정 방법을 제안한다. 지리교육의 표준 설정 방안으로 대주제, 기본 주제, 주요 표준, 표준, 상세 표준을 제시하였다. 대주제는 지리교육 전반을 통찰하는 대개념으로서 '인간과 환경의 상호작용 이해', '장소 또는 지역에 대한 이해', '인간과 장소의 상호작용 이해'의 3개를 선정하였다. 기본 주제는 '지리적 기능', '자연 환경' '인문 환경', '장소 및 지역', '인간과 장소의 상호작용'의 5개를 선정하였다. 표준은 구체적이고 측정 가능한 지리교육내용을 제시하는 단계로서 '주요 표준'표준', '상세 표준'의 3단계로 상세화했다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.53-56
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• 2003

Aiming at importance of geodetic data standards in process of digitized geodetic production, application and service, this paper discusses the content framework of geodetic technical base standard, information system standard and data service standard. Hierarchy relation and category relation of geodetic data standard system are established in this paper.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2006

This paper analyzes how levels of logistics standardization are related to logistics costs. The study surveyed ratios of standard pallet use in order to measure levels of firms' standardization in logistics management. Research focused on how firms' logistics costs were related to their levels of logistics standardization and ratios of standard pallet use. After measuring use of standard pallets and logistics costs, optimal levels of logistics standardization were estimated based on survey data. Logistics costs and standardization were more related to labor than to freight volume or export. Results indicated that firms could reduce logistics costs by raising levels of logistics standardization; optimal levels of standard pallet use out of Korean firms' total manufacturing cargo volume were estimated at 44.26% for multi-standard pallets and 57.99% for a single standard pallet (a unit load system). The study demonstrated that adopting a single standard pallet results in better cost saving logistics systems than use of multi-standard pallet types. These results may explain why firms pursue standardization in logistics systems.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2012

The study aims to supplement facility management plan and safety regulations & standard of oil pipeline by searching and reviewing related regulation & standard inside and outside of the country. Korean regulation & standard is reviewed based on harbor and fishery design standard of the ministry of maritime affairs and fisheries, general technology standard of oil pipeline safety regulation, gas excavation construction and safety maintenance indicator of Korea gas corporation. Global regulation & standard is reviewed based on U.S standard inspection for offshore pipeline and Europe/Mexico standard inspection for offshore pipeline. The contents of offshore pipeline installation is inserted into pipeline sector for objected facilities of safety inspection regulation & standard and, the standard of safety inspection for offshore pipeline is newly presented into pipeline maintenance part of the planning facilities management with its inspection period and method.