• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.566-577
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• 1993

The study was to compare the effect of dietary fatty acids on fatty acid profile in tissue and the status of tocopherol and lipid peroxidation, and superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities at two fat levels. Male Sprague Dawley rats weighing average 350g(17 weeks) were fed either low fat(LF, 4.3% w/w, 10% kcal) or high fat(HF, 20.8%, w/w, 40% kcal)diet for 6 weeks. The fats used were beef tallow as a source of saturated fatty acid, corn oil for n-6 linoleic acid, perilla oil for n-3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and fish oil for n-3 eiocosapentatenoic acid(EPA) and n-3 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA). Palsma tocopherol was significantly reduced by fish oil compared to beef tallow at body fat level. However, there was no significant effect on the levels of plasma MDA, RBC MDA and tocopherol, and RBC hempolysis by the type and amount of dietary fat. The peroxidizibility index of fatty acid profile in plasma and liver was increased and liver MDA level was significantly increased by fish oil when dietary fat level was increased. The activities of SOD and GSHPx tended to be increased by perilla oil and fish oil at both fat oil significantly reduced the incorpration of c20:4 and increased the incorporation of c20:5 into liver compared to corn oil. The incorporation of n-3 fatty acids into tissue by perilla oil rich in $\alpha$-linolenic acid was significantly higher tan corn oil and its effect was improved with higher amount of perilla oil in diet by high fat diet. Overall, the lipid peroxidation of tissue could be prevented by tocopherol supplementation when dietary fat level was low in diet. However, at high fat diet, tocopherol supplementation might not be enough to prevent the lipid peroxidation in tissue since the potential for lipid peroxidation was tended to be increased with higher incorporation of higher unsaturated n-3 fatty acids into tissue. Therefore, it could not be recommended to consume large amount of fish oil even with excess amount of tocopherol supplemented to the high fat diet.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2009

We investigated the pathogenesis of liver tissue damage during the lipid peroxidation and fibrogenesis with the observation of correlations between the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) and lipid peroxidation in liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) rats. Rats were randomly divided into two groups, normal and $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. intoxicated group. And the one group was treated intragastrically with the mixture of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The liver tissue and sera were used for the measurement of hydroxyproline (HYP), malonedialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Biochemical parameters such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total-bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Additionally, the expression of collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) and $\beta$-actin mRNA was observed by RTPCR. The histological change in liver tissue was also observed by Masson's trichrome and H&E staining. Correlation analysis was carried by Spearman's rho method. All biochemical parameters except total-bilirubin were significantly higher in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group (p < 0.01). In the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group, Hyp as a parameter of collagen synthesis (deposition) and MDA as a metabolite of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated by 1.98 and 2.11 times higher than that of the normal group (p < 0.001) respectively. The activity of SOD in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group is decreased significantly by 44.8% (p < 0.001). And collagen ${\alpha}1$(III) mRNA was more expressed in the $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated group than that of the normal group. However, the expression of $\beta$-actin mRNA is showed similar in both of groups. A good correlation was observed between the content of hyp and MDA concentration (r = 0.70, n = 40) in the two groups. And the correlation between the levels of hyp and SOD (r = -0.71, n = 25) is also reliable. However, no correlation were observed between MDA concentration and SOD (r = -0.40, n = 25) in the two groups. Elevated levels of MDA in $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. treated rats indicated enhancement of lipid peroxidation, which is accompanied by a decrease in SOD activity. Moreover, we could confirm that the parameters of collagen synthesis (and deposition) is in good correlation with the metabolite of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the lipid peroxidation antagonizing enzyme (SOD). Hence, we propose that (1) lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) could be enhanced by intragastrically application of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. during a short terms. And (2) the intoxication of $CCl_4$-thiopental sod. could be used for monitoring of lipid peroxidation and collagen synthesis (and deposition) for test of antioxidant and antifibrotic agent.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.167-180
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• 1999

Cervus elaphus, being known to reinforce Kidney, have tested to study the effects concerning damages of brain tissue induced by lipid peroxidation. In vitro, the level of lipid peroxide in brain tissue was decreased proportinally according to dose by Cervus elaphus extract solution for aqua-acupuncture (CESAA). It was much more decreased, when lipid peroxidation was induced with Fe(II). And, it was seen proportinally decrease according to the dose of CESAA on xanthine oxidase activities and type conversion ratio. However, I can not find special changes about aldehyde oxidase activities. And, I had observed the effects of CESAA on damages of rat's brain following ischemia and reflow. Before ischemia was caused, CESAA was applied 0.2 ml per 250 g through femoral vein in ischemia and reflow group and normal sailine was applied in normal group. Ischemia was caused by cervical artery's clamp for 30 min and reflowed by clamp remove after 15 min. It was increased on the content of lipid peroxidation, activies and type conversion ratio of xanthine oxidase following ischemia and reflow. However, they were decreased when CESAA was pre-appllied. However, it could not seen special changes on aldehyde oxidase activities, either. In conclusion. CESAA recovers the damage of brain due to ischemia and reflow by decreasing the lipid peroxidation through decreasing of xanthine oxidase activies and type conversion ratio.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2005

The root of Astragalus membranaceus (Leguminosae) has been used in traditional chinese prescriptions for strengthning the superficial resistance, promoting pus discharge and tissue regeneration, diuretis and alleviating edema. Lipid peroxidation has been suggested as a major cause of atherosclerosis, cancer, liver disease, and the aging process. In order to investigate the anti-lipid peroxidation activity, Astragali Radix was extracted with $80\%$ MeOH and fractionated with hexane, $CH_{2}Cl_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and Water. The antilipid peroxidation activities of them were determined by human erythrocyte ghost and $CCl_4$-induced lipid peroxidation. $CH_{2}Cl_2$ and EtOAc fractions, especially, isoflavonoids, 7,2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyisoflavan-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside and calyco sin-7-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside from EtOAc fraction showed anti-lipid peroxidation activities.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2001

The oxidative stress causes the cell damage and death and thereby, stimulates membrane lipid peroxidation. In this study, the correlation between the lipid peroxidation product and the parameter of liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) was investigated in cholestasis induced rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (sham: sham operation, BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II : bile duct ligation/scission) and were observed for 2 or 4 weeks. After observation period, the organs were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. Sera and liver tissue were used for the measurement of malondealdehyde (MDA), parameter of clinical biochemistry, total collagen content and the staining. The ratio of organ weight/body weight in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II was significantly increased compared to sham operated group. Serological parameters (Alanine transaminase, Aspartate transaminase, Alkaline phosphatase and Total bilirubin) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group were significantly higher than those in sham operated group. Concentration of MDA in BDL/S-I (261%) and BDL/S-II(790%) was significantly increased compared to MDA in sham operated group. And the content of hydroxyproline (hyp) in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group was significantly increased 2~4 times than in sham operated group. The good correlations between hyp in liver tissue and MDA in sera of sham operated group and all operated group were found (r=0.825). The significantly higher value of MDA, hyp and serological parameters in BDL/S-I and BDL/S-II group suggests the stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chronic liver damage. Especially the activation of lipid peroxidation and the stimulation of liver fibrosis was stronger in BDL/S-II group than in BDL/S-I group. The stronger fibrosis, portal-portal septum formation, the more massive bile duct proliferation in portal triads and stroma, and hepatocytes swelling were observed in liver tissue of and BDL/S-II group compared to BDL/S-I group. Conclusively, a good correlation between MDA as a lipid peroxidation marker and hyp as a liver fibrotic parameter could be connected with the process of liver fibrosis. Moreover, cholestasis condition may cause jaundice, activation of lipid peroxidation, and collagen accumulation in liver. Additionally, optimal observation period of bile duct obstruction for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in rats would be four weeks.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-192
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was carried out to research antioxidant effects of Sagunja-Tang(SA) through in vitro and vivo experiments, and tried to investigate the relation between oxidation of tissues and deficiency of Qi. Methods and results : HPLC analysis of glycyrrhizine - known to be the main compound of Radix Glycyrrhizae - was done to certify the quality of SA. Chemiluminescence was initiated by adding tort-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) to rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils), and generated reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion) decreased significantly by SA as dose dependent manner. Cell injury during 60 minutes tissue incubation was initiated by adding t-BHP, a hydrophobic hydroperoxide and $H_2O_2$, an water soluble oxidant to rat renal cortical and liver slices. Percentage cell death and lipid peroxidation were estimated by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. t-BHP induced % cell death of renal cortical slices and lipid peroxidation of renal cortical and liver slices were decreased significantly by SA. SA decreased significantly % cell death and lipid peroxidation of renal cortical and liver slices induced by $H_2O_2$, too. Acute renal and liver injury induced by $HgCl_2\;and\;CCl_4$, which initiated from free radical, were applied to mice and metabolic data were obtained. Data showed protective effects of SA on acute renal injury caused by decrease of glomerular filtration. SA protected acute liver injury too. Conclusions Through this study, we found that SA have antioxidant effects and tissue oxidation was similar to deficiency of Qi. And further studies have to be followed to certify the mechanisms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.746-760
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Hasuogamibang (HGB) on hyperlipidemia and antioxidant activity. Methods : For this study, we divided four groups of rats (normal WKY group, normal SHR group, high cholesterol diet and saline-treated SHR group, high cholesterol diet and HGB-treated SHR group), and observed the change of body weight, weight of liver, cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, albumin, histologic change of liver and aorta, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of liver tissue, and cholesterol gene revelation control efficiency. Results : Total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides were decreased significantly by HGB. However, HDL-cholesterol increased significantly. The tissue of liver and aorta were controlled defect by HGB on histologic study. Lipid peroxidation and SOD of liver tissue was decreased significantly by HGB. Gene revelation of ACAT and HMG CoA reductase in hepatic tissue was decreased significantly by HGB. Conclusion : This study suggests that HOB is significantly effective on hyperlipidemia and antioxidant activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

Doxorubicin is a powerful anticancer antibiotic extensively used in the treatment of several types of cancers. Long-term administration of this drug results in cumulative dose related cardiotoxicity due to enhanced production of free radicals leading to oxidative stress. Our earlier investigations have demonstrated significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumour properties of Ganoderma lucidum extracts. We extended our investigations to evaluate the protective effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Administration of 3 doses of doxorubicin, 6 mg/kg body weights, i.p. per each dose, alternative days, showed dear signs of cardiotoxicity in rats. The drug enhanced serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and lipid peroxidation in tissue drastically. The drug also induced significant decrease in GSH level and activities of CAT, SOD and GPx. Administration of methanolic extract of G.lucidum (500 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight) significantly increased the level of GSH and activities of CAT, SOD and GPx. Activity of CK was significantly lowered in a dose dependent manner. The treatment also caused significant decrease in lipid peroxidation (MDA). The results thus indicated that methanolic extract of G.lucidum prevented oxidative stress caused by doxorubicin administration and the increase in serum CK activity and lipid peroxidation in the tissue. The experimental findings suggest the therapeutic potential of G.lucidum as adjuvant in cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.102-108
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• 1996

Inhibitory effects of tannic acid on the lipid peroxidation induced by UVB were investigated. Tannic acid was administered either topically or orally for 3 days to hairless mice, which were previously irradiated with UVB, and inhibitory effects of tannic acid were measured. The UVB was found to cause skin erythema and hemolysis. When tannic acid was administered either topically or orally, hemolysis was decreased. After the skin was irradiated by UVB, the production of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in erythrocyte and skin tissue, and the activities of SOD and catalase were significantly increased in plasma and skin tissue. In case of oral treatment, catalase activity was not significantly increased. The inhibitory effects of tannic acid on malondialdehyde production, SOD inhibition and catalase inhibition were more prominent in orally administerd groups than in topically administerri groups. However, the difference between two groups was not statistically significant. In conclusion, tannic acid decreased lipid peroxidation possibly by free radical scavenger action. The route of administrations, topical or oral, did not affect the antioxidative activity of tannic acid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.466-475
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• 1989

This research was to investigate the effects of sardine oil with different antioxidants on tissue lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase in rats. Young male rats were fed for 6 weeks on different experimental diets containing 10% (w/w) sardine oil with $\alpha$-tocopherol (800mg / kg oil), $\delta$-tocopherol(1, 000mg / kg oil) or rosemary extract(1, 000mg /kg oil) as antioxidant and also sardine oil lard without antioxidant as control. In sardine oil group tissue lipid peroxide level and percentage of hemolysis were increased compared to those of lard group. By the addition of antioxidants, percentage of hemolysis reduced significantly but the lipid peroxide level in liver was unaffected. The activities of superoxide dismutase in erythrocyte and liver were not affected by either sardine oil ingestion or different antioxidants.