• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-115
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• 1985

In Med Dept. Daehan Education Insurance, Total 690 cases(male 376 cases, female 314 cases) were inspected to study the change of serum lipid value. The objects of investigation were total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value. The results are as follows: 1) In the normal subjects, with the relation of serum lipid value and the age. triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value showed the increasing tendency by 70 age, but total cholesterol value and HDL cholesterol value showed the increasing tendency by 59 age and the decreasing tendency after 59 age. 2) In the normal subject the difference of serum lipid value between sexes did not make the significant difference of level statistically in all items which can be inspected. 3) The weight change and serum lipid value are very significantly related. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and total lipid value are high in female if the weight is light. But they are high in male the weight is heavy phospholipid value is opposite to the above result. Triglyceride value is high in male regardless the weight, but the significant difference happened in the high weight group. 4) As serum lipid value of hypertension patients is compared with that of the normal subjects, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value are significantly high. 5) The doubtful group of the fatty infittration of liver among the hypertension pafients have very significant difference in serum lipid value compared with not only the value of the normal subject but also that of the obesity group. 6) The doubtless group of the fatty infitration of liver among the hypertension patients have the significant difference in all serum lipid value compared with that of the normal subject, but compared with the obesity group males had the significant difference of HDL cholesterol value and both sexes had the significant difference in total lipid value, but had no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride and phosprolipid value. 7) The ratio of total cholesterol per HDL cholesterol had the significant difference in the doubtful hypertension patients of the fatty infittration of liver and the relative weight, but it had no significant difference compared with the normal subject in the doubtless hypertension patients.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1991

The lipid fractions, lipid classes and free fatty acids in total lipids from cheese and soybeans were analyzed by column, thin-layer and gas chromatographies. The percentages of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid in cheese were 96.2, 1.1 and 0.7, whereas those in soybeans were 87.5, 0.5 and 4.3. Major lipid classes of total lipid, and neutral lipid were triglyceride, fatty acid, cholesterol, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid, and those of glycolipid and phospholipid were triglyceride, diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid in total lipid from cheese. Large amounts of triglyceride and polar lipid and small amounts of diglyceride, monoglyceride and polar lipid were detected in all lipid fractions from soybeans. The higher proportion of C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2 fatty acids were found in total lipid from cheese, whereas those of C18:0, C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids were found in total lipid from soybeans. Most predominant fatty acids are C16:0 for the total lipid of cheese and C18:2 for the total lipid of soybeans. The lower proportions of C14:1, C15:0, C17:0 and C20:0 fatty acids in total lipid from cheese and C4:0, C6:0, C10:0 and C18:0 in total lipid from soybeans were detected.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-152
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan, chitosan oligomer and beef tallow of different levels on lipid metabolism in rats, Seventy male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 10 groups according to body weight , and were raised for 4 weeks. Dietary fat levels were 20% en and 40% en, and chitosan and chitosan oligomer were given at levels of 05, 3%, and 5%(wt/wt) of diet. The results are summarized as follows, chitosan oligomer supplement decreased serum total lipid, as chitosan 양, and exhibited a tendency to decrease serum total cholesterol. Chitosan oligomer supplement tended to increase the HDL cholesterol ; total cholesterol ration as chitosan did. Liver total lipid and triglyceride concentration were lower in high fat groups than in low fat groups. Liver total lipid concentrations was decreased slightly by chitosan and sigfnificantly by chitosna ligomer. Epididymal fat pad total lipid. total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration were slightly decreased by chitosan and chitosan oligomer supplement, especially in high fat groups. fat absorptivity was decreased by low fat level, chitisan and chitosan oligamer supplement. Fecal excretion of total lipid and triglyceride were increased by high fat level, chitosan and chi샌무 oligomer supplement. However, fecal excretion of total cholesterol was increased by high fat level and chitosan supplement. This indicated that chitosan and chitosan oligomer were effective in interfering with lipid and triglyceride absorption, In conclusion, chitosan oligomer at levels of 3% and 5% has more effective lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride lowering activity than chitosan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-227
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• 1994

Changes in total lipid content, total cholesterol content and fatty acid composition of preterm milk were investigated during early lactation. Milk samples were collected from Korean mothers of 16 premature(34 to 36 weeks gestation age) infants on day 2 to 5(colostrum) and at 6 weeks(mature) postpartum. We estimated the lipid nutrition of preterm milk by comparing with the lipids of term milk. The total lipid content of preterm colostrum was significantly lower than the lipid content of preterm mature milk(p<0.001). Lipid content, determined gravimetrically in colostrum and matured milk, was 1.50g/이 and 3.2g/dl, respectively. Also the total cholesterol content(mg/dl) in preterm milk tends to increase from 14.16mg/dl to 15.20mg/dl, while the total cholesterol(mg/g lipid) concentration higher significantly in colostrum(12.36mg/g) than in mature(5.73mg/g)(p<0.001). The total unsaturated fatty acid contents in preterm milk were higher in colostrum than in mature milk and the total saturated fatty acids were higher in mature milk. The average DHA contents of colostrum and matured milk was 0.64%, 0.53% and the P/M/S ratio of preterm milk were 0.63 : 1.05 : 1.00, 0.47 : 0.79 : 1.00, respectively. Also, $\omega$6/$\omega$3 ratio of preterm milk were 2.35 in colostrum and 5.81 in mature. Therefore, colostrum in preterm milk contained higher amounts of $\omega$3 PUFA than mature milk. The levels of total lipid in preterm milk were higher than term milk. Also, preterm milk is richer in cholesterol, and long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid than term. It appears that the milk secreted by mothers who delivered prematurely differs from milk in several important respect. These components may serve as precursors for membrane, myelin development in the preterm infants. Therefore, it would be necessary to study further into the machanism of how the gestation age might affect to the lipid composition in human milk. These data may provide a basis for better construction of infant formaulas to provide more adequately for the lipid requirements of the Korean premature infant.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.347-351
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of ${\gamma}$-oryzanol extracted from rice bran on lipid metabolism in diabetic mice. We supplied 2 kinds of experimental diets (CO without and GO with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol) to diabetic mice for 8 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight, contents of serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and fecal lipid levels were measured. Though there was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight change and organ weight between experimental groups, the concentration of serum total cholesterol and hepatic total lipid, total cholesterol and HMG-CoA reductase activity was significantly lower in GO group treated with 0.2％ ${\gamma}$-oryzanol of diet than CO group after supplementary period of experimental diets. And total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and bile acid levels excreted to feces were significantly higher in GO group than CO group. These results suggest that ${\gamma}$-oryzanol decrease the serum and hepatic lipid levels by lowing HMG-CoA reductase activity or increasing the contents of fecal lipid in diabetic KK mice.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the supplementary effects of the rice germ oil compared with soy bean oil on lipid metabolism of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice. Forty diabetic KK mice were fed two kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid from soy bean oil as a control(CO) and rice germ oil(RG) for 8 weeks, respectively. Diet intake, body weight, organs weights and lipids levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in food and water intake, body weight gain and organs weights between experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lower in RG group than in CO group. The hepatic total lipid and total cholesterol levels of RG group were significantly lower than those of CO group. The contents of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol excreted in feces of RG group were higher than those of CO group. These results suggested that rice germ oil can reduce serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and hepatic total lipid concentration of non-insulin dependent diabetic mice compared with soybean oil due to increasing fecal lipid excretion. But we need to investigate the hypolipidemic effect of this oil by supplementary level and period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 1990

The lipid compositions including fatty acid sterol lipid class and the lipid component of the total lipid extracted from the flesh of some fresh water fishes I. e. mandarin cornet cat fish and Korean perch were compared. The levels of total lipid of flesh tissues from the fresh water fishes were high(7.4%) in cat fish but low(1.4-2.2%) in mandarin fish Korean perch and cornet fish. On the contrary the content of unsaponifiable matters found in total lipid was low(2.6%) in cat fish but high(6.0%-6.5%) in mandarin fish Korean perch and cornet fish. Total lipids were mainly composed of triglyceride(74.6-86.5%) as major component in each sample and the other lipid components of total lipid e. g. polar lipid free fatty acids and free sterol were the minor components, The major fatty acids in total lipid of each sample were{{{{ {C }_{16 { }:_{ }0 } }}}}(19.6-29.2%) {{{{ {C }_{16 { }:_{ }1 } }}}}(17.3-30.7%) and {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }1 } }}}}(16.8-29.2%) and additionally it chiefly consisted of {{{{ {C }_{14 { }:_{ }0 } }}}} and {{{{ {C }_{18 { }:_{ }2 } }}}} Particularly the contents of polyenoic acids in total lipid of cat fish were higher than those of the other fish samples. The level of cholesterol in total lipid was low (8.3mg/g) in cat fish but were high(36.9-59.9mg/g) in mandarin fish Korean perch and cornet fish. The contents of fractionated neutral lipid(NL) were higher than those of polar lipid(PL) in each sample. Particularly phospholipid content in PL was low(6.0%) in cat fish but were high(23.1-36.3%) in mandarin fish Korean perch and cornet fish. Neutral lipids were mainly consisted of triglyceride(84.5-93.4%) as amjor component in each sample and the other lipid components of neutral lipid e, g, free fatty acids and free wterol were exhibited as a minor components, The fatty acid compositon of neutral lipids was very resembled to total lipids. The phospholipid in mandarin cornet and cat-fish were mainly composed of phosphatidyl serine(23.1-49.8%) and phosphatidyl choline(20.8-45.3%) The relatively higher amounts of phosphatidyl serine were observed in mandarine cornet and cat-fist than in Korean perch, But phosphatidyl ethanolamine(42.3%) and phosphatidyl choline (49.9%) were the main phospholipid in Korean perch. The extraordinary high content of phos-phatidyl ethanolamine compared to other fishes was characteristics in phospholipid composition of Korean perch. The major fatty acids in phospholipid of each sample were {{{{ {C }_{16 { }:_{ }0 } }}}} (38.3-46.5%) {{{{ {C}_{18 { }:_{ }0 } }}}}(14.2-21.7) and C16:1(11.6-13.8%) and additionally it chiefly consisted of C18:2, C18:0 and C17:0 The major fatty acids in glycolipid of each sample were C16:0(28.8-40.1%) C18:1(5.4-29.9%) C18:0(5.1-28.9%) and C16:1(8.2-20.1%) and additio-nally it chiefly consisted of C14:0 and C20:1.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of rice germ oil supplement on the lipid metabolism of insulin-dependent diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed three kinds of experimental diets with 20% lipid, composed of 20% lard (L) : 10% lard and 10% rice germ oil (LRGO) ; and 20% rice germ oil (RBO), respectively, for 7 weeks. Diet intake, body weight, organ weight and lipid levels of serum, liver and feces were measured. There was no significant difference in diet intake, body weight and organ weight among the experimental groups. But the concentrations of serum triglyceride in the LRGO and RGO groups, and of serum total cholesterol in the RGO group, were significantly lower than those of the L group fed the 20% lard diet. The levels of hepatic total lipid of the RGO group, and of hepatic total cholesterol of the LRGO and RGO groups were significantly lower than those of the L group. The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol excreted in the feces of the LRGO and RGO groups were higher than those of the L group. These results suggest that rice germ oil can reduce the levels of total cholesterol concentrations in the serum or livers of insulin-dependent diabetic mice, and that the hypolipidemic effect of rice germ oil may be due to increasing fecal lipid excretion and decreasing lipid absorptivity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.715-726
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• 1997

This study was conducted longitudinally following the total nitrogen , total lipid, and lactose concentrations and their factors on concentrations of energy-yielding nutrients in human milk from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum of 45 lactating Korean mothers. All samples were from well-defined subjects. And uniform collection procedures were used . Total nitrogen concentration of milk decreased significantly from 385mg/이 at 2-5 days to 201mg/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration increased from 1.98g/dl at 2-5 days to 3.09g/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. However, there was a large variation in the concentration of total lipids. Lactose concentration increased signifciantly from 6.53g/dl at 2-5 days to 7.48g/dl at 12 weeks. Total nitrogen concentration in milk was positively related to pregnancy weight gains at 2 and 6 weeks postpartum. Total lipid concentration was positively related to infant birth weight : however, it was negatively related to the maternal weight loss. In addition, total lipid concentration was positively related to parity and maternal percentage body fat at 12 weeks postpartum. Milk lactose concentration was positively related to parity at 2 weeks postpartum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 1984

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different levels of Cu(0,6,60 ppm ) and kinds of lipid(corn oil, sesame oil or butter) in the diet upon lipids metabolism and Cu & Fe contents in weanling rats. The results obtained were summarized as following : 1) Food consumptions, total body weight gains and F.E.R.s showed no significant differences among groups with different dietary Cu levels and the kinds of lipid. 2) Weights of liver, hind limb muscle, kidney, spleen and epididymal fat pad showed no significant differences among groups. 3) The contents of total lipids and total cholesterols in serum, hind limb muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups than in control and high Cu groups. But the contents of total lipid in liver were significantly lower in low Cu groups than in other groups. 4) The contents of total lipid and total cholesterol in serum, liver and total lipid in muscle were significantly higher in butter groups, but the contents of total cholesterol in muscle were significantly lower in butter groups. 5) The Cu concentrations in serum, liver, muscle and feces were significantly higher in high Cu groups than in control and low Cu groups. The Fe concentrations in serum tended to be lower and those in muscle were significantly higher in low Cu groups.