• Advances in biomechanics and applications
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.111-126
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• 2014

The microarchitecture of trabecular bone plays a significant role in mechanical strength due to its load-bearing capability. However, the complexity of trabecular microarchitecture hinders the evaluation of its morphological characteristics. We therefore propose a new classification method based on static multiscale theory and dynamic finite element method (FEM) analysis to visualize a three-dimensional (3D) trabecular network for investigating the influence of trabecular microarchitecture on load-bearing capability. This method is applied to human vertebral trabecular bone images obtained by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) through which primary trabecular bone is successfully visualized and extracted from a highly complicated microarchitecture. The morphological features were then analyzed by viewing the percolation of load pathways in the primary trabecular bone by using the stress wave propagation method analyzed under impact loading. We demonstrate that the present method is effective for describing the morphology of trabecular bone and has the potential for morphometric measurement applications.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

[Purpose] This study compared differences in trabecular bone architecture and strength caused by jump and running exercises in rats. [Methods] Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n=45) were randomly assigned to three body weight-matched groups: a sedentary control group (CON, n=15); a treadmill running group (RUN, n=15); and a jump exercise group (JUM, n=15). Treadmill running was performed at 25 m/min without inclination, 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The jump exercise protocol comprised 10 jumps/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, with a jump height of 40 cm. We used microcomputed tomography to assess microarchitecture, mineralization density, and fracture load as predicted by finite element analysis (FEA) at the distal femoral metaphysis. [Results] Both jump and running exercises produced significantly higher trabecular bone mass, thickness, number, and fracture load compared to the sedentary control group. The jump and running exercises, however, showed different results in terms of the structural characteristics of trabecular bone. Jump exercises enhanced trabecular bone mass by thickening the trabeculae, while running exercises did so by increasing the trabecular number. FEA-estimated fracture load did not differ significantly between the exercise groups. [Conclusion] This study elucidated the differential effects of jump and running exercise on trabecular bone architecture in rats. The different structural changes in the trabecular bone, however, had no significant impact on trabecular bone strength.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 1997

Abnormal intraosseous flow and pressure in trabecular bone could cause various pathological conditions such as osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis. Characteristics of intraosseous fluid flow and pressure generation in porous trabecular bone can be significantly affected by the permeability. Factors which determine the permeability could be the porosity and apparent density of trabecular bone. However, there is little data on the permeability and the relationship among the permeability. porosity, and apparent density of trabecular bone. In this study. the permeability. porosity, and apparent density of human lumbar vertebral trabecular bone were experimentally measured. Also, a power relationship among the permeability, porosity, and apparent density was investigated to understand effects of the porosity and apparent density variations on the permeability of trabecular bone based on Kozeny-Carman equation. A near linear relationship between intraosseous fluid flow and time indicated that the fluid phase flowed through the pores in trabecular bone is governed by the permeability. The permeability of trybecular bone was found to have a significant power relationship with the porosity and apparent density (r: 0.84 and $\textit{p}$< 0.0005). The power relationship could be useful to determine the permeability of trybecular bone after measuring the apparent density and porosity.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2000

Osteoporosis is the consequence of an imbalance between osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity, coupled with an increased rate of bone turnover observed with menopause. Estrogen is generally considered to maintain bone mass through suppression of bone resorption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rat femoral trabecular change not only in the deficiency of estrogen but also in the administration of estrogen following ovariectomy(OVX). 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to bilateral OVX or sham surgery(control). Groups of OVX were divided into 4 groups. The first group was injected daily with vehicle alone for 20 days after 20 weeks following OVX. The additional groups of OVX was injected daily with low, medium, or high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$(10, 25 or $50{\mu}g/kg$ BW, respectively). All rats were sacrified 23 weeks after OVX, and their femur were processed for H&E, MT stain and histomorphometry. The results were as follows; 1. In the histomorphometric analysis, the trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular seperation were respectively $31.2{\pm}8.3%$, $54.3{\pm}4.8{\mu}m$ and $280.7{\pm}16.4{\mu}m$ in vehicle treated OVX group and $48.6{\pm}7.3%$, $90.4{\pm}4.5{\mu}m$ and $126.3{\pm}5{\mu}m$ in sham operation group, and they showed statistical significance compare to control group. 2. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group. 3. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $44.4{\pm}4.3%$, $109.5{\pm}12.3{\mu}m$ and $94.9{\pm}8.5{\mu}m$ in medium doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to low doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group. 4. The trabecular bone volume/tissue volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation were respectively $46.4{\pm}4.5%$, $154.4{\pm}13.2{\mu}m$ and $113.7{\pm}12.8{\mu}m$ in high doses of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ injected group and they also showed statistical significance compare to OVX group, but they didn't show statistical significance compare to other experimental groups. From the above results, metaphyseal bone formation was markedly reduced in OVX rate but treatment of OVX rats with $17{\beta}-estradiol$ resulted in normalization of femur trabecular bone volume. But they didn't show statistical significance the effect of bone formation according to the dose dependency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1320-1323
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• 2003

In this study, the micro-FE analyses were carried out for the plastic behaviour of vertebral trabecular bones. Many researchers have investigated the elastic behaviour of trabecular bones by using the micro-finite element models based on the micro-CT images. However, there was no micro-FE model to account for the plastic behaviour of trabecular bones. Ulrich et at. reported that best results at coarser model were obtained when using 'compensated hexahedron models' with the same relative density. This study indicates that, for the elastic and plastic analysis, 'the compensated hexahedron FE model' is likely to be limited to about 63$\mu\textrm{m}$ image resolution in the vertebra trabecular bones.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 1997

An inverse method with regularization has been developed to determine the viscoelastic properties of trabecular bone. A series of stress relaxation experiments were performed under the condition of uniaxial compression stress state. Optimization has been formulated within the framework of nonlinear least-squares and a modified Gauss-Newton method with a zeroth-order regularization technique. The stress relaxation behavior of trabecular bone was analyzed using a standard viscoelastic model. The present study clearly shows that trabecular bone exhibits typical viscoelastic stress relaxation behavior, and the obtained material parameters well represent the viscoelastic behavior of trabecular bone.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2001

The elastic modulus and fatigue properties of canine and human trabecular bone tissues (single trabecular) were experimentally determined on a microstructural level using four-point bending cyclic test, and they were compared based on microstructural characteristics and mineral density. The results showed that canine trabecular bone tissue had significantly lower modulus and lower fatigue strength than human tissue. The observed microstructural differences between the two tissues may be more responsible for the differences, although the lower mineral density in canine tissue might also have contributed to the lower modulus and fatigue strength.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.175-178
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• 1999

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma is an uncommon benign thyroid tumor that is recently described in the literature. This tumor is easily confused with medullary carcinoma on surgical specimens and with papillay carcinoma on cytologic specimens. Herein we report the cytologic characteristics of a case of histologically proven hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Cytologically, the aspirate showed trabecular or individually dispersed polygonal cells with finely stippled chromatin pattern, nuclear grooves, and eosinophilic nuclear pseudoinclusions. No colloid materials were noted in the background.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.16-18
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• 1977

The purposes of this investigation was to determine the appearance rate of nutrient canals and the aspect of alveolar bone trabecular patterns. 1949 subjects, averages 23 years old, who have normal occlusion were used. The film used in this investigation was full mouth roentgenographic survey. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the trabecular pattern, coarse form was 35.17% and fine one was 64.14% in both jaws. 2. The appearance rate of nutrient canals was much higher in mandibular anterior segment(89.13%) than in the maxillary posterior segment(0.86%). 3. In the trabecular forms, small trabecular space and horizontal relation appeared in the mandible, and vertical relation in the maxilla.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1278-1281
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• 2004

Several workers reported the relationship between osteoporosis and age-related reductions in the BV/TV (bone volume fraction) of vertebral trabecular bones. However, there were few micro finite element (micro-FE) models to account for the treatments of the osteoporotic trabecular bone. In the present study, micro-FE models of osteoporotic and hormone-treated bone models were constructed to analyze the effect of specimen location and boundary condition on mechanical characteristics of hormone treatment model for osteoporotic trabecular bone. Top and bottom sections of specimens were also investigated individually to study the effect of specimen location. Hormone-treated models were allowed to have the same relative BV/TV (13.4％) as that used in models of previous researchers. The present study reported the elastic and plastic characteristics of the osteoporosis and hormone-treated bone models. In the present study, in-situ boundary condition was applied to the simulated compression tests for in-vivo condition of vertebral trabecular bone. The present study indicated that the hormone therapy was likely to improve the mechanical characteristics of osteoporotic bones and the mechanical characteristics of vertebral trabecular bone specimen were dependent on the captured location and boundary condition.