• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.9
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• pp.75-88
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• 1985

This study is on the expressive will of human beings by way of examining turtle patterns. Turtle represents spiritual, incantatory implications and the idea1s of long life and of fortune. From ancient to the present the turtle patterns have expressed various kinds of arts on these concepts. The researchs on the examples of turtle patterns are summed up as follows. 1. Single form of turtle shows a turtle wrapped by snakes and is generally regarded as a symbol of long life with respect to the mysteries of the Tao. 2. HyunMu type is of an imaginary animal which is wrapped by snakes. 3. Turtle shell type is hexagon accumulated 1ike successive bee-hives.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.871-879
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• 2011

The internal deck structure of turtle ship has been investigated with the following approach manner. Firstly the 5 species of turtle ship are identified by examining the characteristics of 5 turtle ships revealed by the librarian or paintings. Secondly the centers of gravity and buoyancy for each type are calculated to evaluate the turtle ship's buoyancy stability. Thirdly the optimal deck structures for 5 turtle ships are additionally assessed from the viewpoint of the interoperability of soldier's missions to get more meaningful conclusion. From the results obtained by the well refined analyses above, one can identify that Changjeguyseon and Lee Chung Mu Gong descendent family's turtle ship possess one layer deck, and the tongjeyoung and jwasuyoung turtle ship consist of 1 and half story deck, and the one disclosed by Yoon has 2 story structure.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1993

The present study was carried out to analyze the evidence of membrane recycling, and the regulation of cellular transport by dynamic changes in apical membrane area that functionally interacts with the number of cytoplasmic vesicles. Under scanning electron micrographs, turtle bladder mucosa contain three main type of cells; granular cells and carbonic anhydrase (CA)-rich cells, deviding into a and b type of epithelial cell. The granular cell is the majority cell type of the mucosa comprising 80% of the total cell number. The remaining 20% of the cells are characteristically rich in carbonic anhydrase. Uptake of HRP was detected in the most vacuoles or tubulovesicles in both type of CA-rich cells in the turtle bladder, indicating that the part of plasma membrane was internalized in the apical cytoplasmic vacuoles. It seems quite likely that CA-rich cells possess intracellular vesicles carrying proton pumps which are recycling back to the apical plasma membrane. In turtle bladder, the granular cells actively secrete large quantities of mucin and other proteins by an exocytotic mechanism in an apparently constitutive fashion. The possibility that bladder epithelial cells secrete mucin via a regulated secretory pathway has not been rigorously examined and much is still to be determined about these issues from this cell type.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.84-96
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• 1992

This study was carried out to examine the $H^+$ transport mechanism by observing the properties of cellular membrane having an ${\alpha}$ type of carbonic anhydrase (CA)-containing cells in turtle urinary bladder. The urinary bladder consists of a heterogenous population of cells. As a result of fine observation with traditional thin-section electron microscopy. the bladder epithelium has three different cell types on mucosal surface. They are a basal cell, a granular cell and a third type of CA-rich cell. The CA-rich cells are divided into two distinct smaller groups within them and called them ${\alpha}$ type and ${\beta}$ type of CA cells. The ${\alpha}$ type of CA cells are responsible for the proton secretion using the proton pumps on the apical plasma membrane, while the ${\beta}$ type of CA cells secrete bicarbonate via an oppositely-directed proton pumps in their basolateral plasma membrane. After performing the freeze-fracture technique, it was shown that there were distributed a large number of intramembranous particles having a special structure on the apical membrane of ${\alpha}$ type of CA-rich cells in the process of their $H^+$ secretion. In turtle bladder ${\alpha}$ type of CA-rich cells, this particle was the only prominent structure in the apical membrane. These intramembrane rod-shaped particles probably represent the integral membrane components of the proton pump. This result may explain that carbonic anhydrase within epithelial cell of urinary bladder takes part in formation of $H^+$ and bicarbonate, that active transport of $H^+$ is done, and that the reabsorption of bicarbonate suggests transport mechanism containing $H^+$ secretion. However, it seems that more studies are required for considering their regular transport pathway.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-137
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• 1989

It has been shown in this and earlier investigation that the turtle bladder mucosa has three main cell types on their mucosal surface. They are the granular cells, ${\alpha}$ CA cells, and ${\beta}$ CA cells. The three major transport mechanisms that occurs in the turtle bladder are sodium reabsorption, proton secretion, and bicarbonate secretion. In the present work the trans-port mechanisms by bladder epithelial cells of freshwater turtle, Pseudemys scripta, are summarized as follows. 1. The granular cells play an important role in sodium transport, while the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ CA cells do not appear to play a determining role in sodium transport. 2. It appears that the active sodium transport in the granular cells occurs in two-step process, implying that first, sodium diffuses into the cells, followed by an energy-dependent efflux step, which is catalyzed by the ouabain-sensitive Na-K ATPase. 3. The ${\alpha}$ type of CA cells are responsible for the proton secretion using the proton pump on the apical plasma membrane, while the ${\beta}$ type of CA cells are believed to be responsible for bicarbonate secretion. 4. When looked at under freeze-fracture electron microscopy, the apical plasma membrane of ${\alpha}$ cells have a characteristic population of rod-shaped intramembranous particles which are believed to be components of the proton pumps. Conversely, ${\beta}$ type of CA cells show rod-shaped particles in their basolateral plasma membranes, which is consistent with the proton absorptive, bicarbonate secretory mechanism. 5. In the turtle bladder, the ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ type of cells are believed to be both responsible for proton transport, but in opposite directions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

In these days, the pollution of marine environment near island at Korean coastal zone caused by the trash, human waste and livestocks excreta become series problem. One of the most economic and efficient way to prevent this pollution problem is to set up island circulating incineration system. In this paper, the results of feasibility study on the application of turtle boat hull form to the incinearting vessel has been summarized especially for the resistance and course keeping point of view.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.2 s.32
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• pp.168-175
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• 1999

In the present paper, a hull form for the turtle boat type incinerating vessel was developed based on the Finite source Distribution Method(FDM) and 1-$C_p$ method. In order to obtain proper hull form within the limited time and budget, a computer program OCL(Optimization of $C_p$ and LCB) was developed adn used. For the confirmation of the theoretical results by OCL, these theoretical results were compared with results of model test in the circulating water channel (CWC)in Chosun University.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2000

The distribution of receptor subtypes for endothelin (ET) in the kidney of the freshwater turtle, Amyda japonica, was examined by quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography using iodinatd mammalian type ET-1 ($^125$/I-ET-1)as a radiolabeled ligand. Specific $^125$/I-ET-1 bindings were localized to renal tubules, renal arteries and ureter with binding densities of 111.21 $\pm$ 19.14, 182.13$\pm$10.57 and 219.46$\pm$12.83 amol/$mm^2$. respectively. Binding dissociation constants in renal tubules, renal arteries and ureter were 1.05 $\pm$ 0.63, 2.03 $\pm$0.56 and 1.70$\pm$0.47nM, respectively. Receptor subtypes for ET in the kidney were characterized by competition with BQ 123 and BQ 788 as specific antagonists for ET receptors, type A (ET$_A$ ), and type B (ET$_B$) subtypes, respectively. Specific $^125$/I-ET-1 bindings in renal arteries and ureter were potently inhibited by BQ 123 in a dose-dependent manner, whereas BQ 788 was not in competing for specific $^125$/I-ET-1 bindings in this structure. However, specific $^125$/I-ET-1 bindings in renal tubules were inhibited more potently by BQ 788. Therefore, these results indicate that specific ET receptors are localized in renal tubules, renal arteries and the ureter of the freshwater turtle. Results also suggest that the predominant ET receptor subtypes are like the ETA receptor in renal arteries and ureter, and like the ET/$_A$ receptor in the renal tubule.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.605-611
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• 2005

Chronic fatigue refers to the tiredness which disturbs one's daily activities and lasts more than six months without the sign of improvement by rest or sleep. Male chronic fatigue is included in internal injuries due to overstrain and exhaustion and closely related to river, spleen, stomach and kidney out of five Jang organs. Male chronic fatigue is based on the deficiency of Yang and aggravated by liquor, sex and emotional depression. Chronic fatigue has the following features in Hyungsang ; an inclination for lying: unwillingness to everything; drooping eyes and feeble voice; yellow pale complexion; withered ears; redness on the tip of nose; cheekbone, and lips; blood shot eyes; dryness and loss of hair. Male chronic fatigue usually attacks the persons of horse type and bird type because they are hyperactive compared with what they eat. The following medicines are commonly prescribed for the treatment of male chronic fatigue. Ssangwhatang, Sokunzungtang, and Yanghyulsamultang are commonly prescribed to horse type. Jaumkangwhatang, Chungsimyunzaum, Yookmijiwhangtang to bird type. Palmiwhan, Gozinumja. and Shinkihwan to fish type. Bozungikkitang, Galwhahaesungtang, Samchulgunbitang and Sipjundaebotang to turtle type.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.144-158
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a bodice block suitable for women in their 20s with turtle neck syndrome. The problem of turtle neck syndrome body type was derived through the evaluation of bodice blocks. First, the length of the front bodice was longer and the length of the back bodice was shorter. Second, the front neck point, back neck point, and the shoulder line were not in place. Third, the side neck was pushed up. Fourth, the length of armhole was long and it floated. Fifth, the front hem was attached to the body and the back hem was away from the body. A finally developed pattern was designed by developing four test patterns to solve the problem that appeared in a selected bodice pattern, and a t-test was conducted to determine the difference in the appearance evaluation by virtual clothing between the two patterns, bodice block and the development pattern. According to the result, the fit was not good from the side body because the position of the side neck point was not in a place due to the characteristics of the body shape of turtle neck syndrome, but the problems of the anterior neck position, the position of the back neck point, the shoulder line position, and the armhole shape were improved in the developed pattern.