• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.129-144
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• 2002

This longitudinal quasi-experimental research was conducted to develop parent role education program and to evaluate the effect of this program for mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment and infant development. The subjects were the healthy infants weighing over 2,500gm at birth, whose gestational age was more than 37weeks, and their healthy mothers. The sample consisted of eighteen mother-infant dyads for intervention group and sixteen dyads for control group. Data were collected from March 15th in 1999 to Jun 20th in 2000. The intervention group received programmed education consisted of discharge education, telephone counselling, and home visiting care. But control group were collected data without programmed education. In this study, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale(NCATS) devised by Barnard was used to determine the mother-infant interaction, HOME was used to determine the childrearing environment, and Griffiths mental development scale was used to determine the infant development. The data were analyzed using SPSS Win using chi-square test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA. This study was focused on the results of twelve months time point. Summaries of the results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in mother-infant interaction(NCATS) between intervention group and control group. But both of two groups showed significantly higher in interaction score at twelve months than at six months in the subscales of social-emotional growth fostering, and responsiveness to caregiver. 2. There was no significant difference in childrearing environment(HOME) between two groups at twelve months. But when each subscale of HOME was examined, intervention group showed higher scores in the dimensions of maternal involvement with child(p=.001), and maternal emotional-verbal responsivity(p=.048). 3. There was no significant difference in GQ of the Griffiths mental development scale between two groups, although significant difference was found in performance subscale. 4. Infant development at twelve months showed significant correlation with mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at six months, although mother-infant interaction and childrearing environment at twelve months did not show significant correlations with infant development at twelve months. 5. Developmental scores at six months showed significant correlations with variety in daily stimulation, and mother's emotional, verbal responsivity, whereas developmental scores at twelve months showed significant correlations with acceptance of child behavior at six months, and appropriate play material at twelve months. In conclusion, the maternal education program for primipara showed long term effect in some categories in organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering the infant development. We suggest further study and implications of parent role education program for high risk parents such as parents in low economic status or with premature babies.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2003

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of bee venom according to the keeping method and period. Method : The author observed microbial contamination of bee venom in nutrient agar, broth, YPD agar and YPD media and antibacterial activity for S. aureus, E. coli manufactured 12, 6 and 3 months ago as the two type of room temperature and $4^{\circ}C$ cold storage. Results : 1. 1:3,000 and 1:4,000 diluted bee venom solution did not show microbial contamination both room temperature and cold storage within twelve months. 2. There was antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in cold storage within twelve months and there was no antibacterial activity of diluted bee venom for S. aureus in twelve months, room temperature storage. 3. We could not observe the zone of inhibition around paper disc of all for E.coli. in 1:3,000, 1:30,000 and 1:3,000,000 diluted bee venom solution, respectively. According to results, we expect that diluted bee venom solution is stable both cold and room temperature storage within twelve months.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.108-114
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• 2006

Objectives : Only a few prospective studies of panic disorder are available. This study investigated naturalistic outcome of panic disorder patients at twelve months after the initial diagnosis. Methods : A total of 84 subjects were diagnosed with panic disorder by diagnostic interview, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV) and Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADISIV). Among them, 80 subjects could be evaluated by means of Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) at follow-up interview after twelve months. Treatment continuation was also examined at follow-up interview. Results : At initial intake, 80 patients were classified into 22% with mild, 33% with moderate-to-marked, and 45% with severe symptoms on the basis of their PDSS total score. At twelve months, 20% of patients reached remission, 65% had mild and 15% had moderate-to-marked symptoms. Initial panic symptom severity, presence of agoraphobia, panic symptom duration before diagnosis, number of comorbid Axis I disorders were associated with significantly higher PDSS total score at twelve months. Forty six percent of total patients continued medication and 23% have stopped treatment by clinician's recommendation and 31% have selfdiscontinued their medication. At twelve months, all three groups were improved but self-discontinuation group had significantly higher PDSS total score. Conclusion : In the one-year naturalistic outcome study of panic disorder patients, high percentage of patients achieved remission or had mild symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.417-431
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• 2001

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the maternal role education program for primiparas in mother-infant interaction, childrearing environment, and infant development. Method: A Non-equivalent control group time-series design was used. For the intervention group, programmed parenting education focusing on mother-infant interaction, home environment for infant development, and parent counseling and support was provided via home visits or telephone for twelve months. Result: Significant differences were found in the mother-infant interaction feeding scale at one and three months, but no differences were found in the teaching scale at six and twelve months between the intervention and control groups. Also, the difference in childrearing environment (HOME) between the two groups was significant at three, six, twelve months. In addition, the intervention group showed higher GQ in the Griffiths mental development scale at three and six months. In multiple regression analysis, 22.6% to 43.6% of infant development was explained by HOME, mother-infant interaction, and previous development. Conclusion: The maternal role education program proved to be effective in promoting mother-infant interaction, organizing the childrearing environment, and fostering infant development.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.121-125
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the fractal dimension of successive panoramic radiographs of bone after implant placement is useful in the characterization of structural change in alveolar bone. Materials and Methods. Twelve subjects with thirty-five implants were retrospectively followed-up from one week to six months after implantation. Thirty-six panoramic radiographs from twelve patients were classified into 1 week, 1-2 months and 3-6 months after implantation and digitized. The windows of bone apical and mesial or distal to the implant were defined as periapical region of interest (ROI) and interdental ROI; the fractal dimension of the image was calculated. Results There was not a statistically significant difference in fractal dimensions during the period up to 6 months after implantation. The fractal dimensions were higher in 13 and 15mm than 10 and 11.5mm implant length at interdental ROIs in 3-6 months after implantation (P<0.01). Conclusion : Longer fixtures showed the higher fractal dimension of bone around implant. This investigation needs further exploration with large numbers of implants for longer follow-up periods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1062-1070
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• 2008

The human body and nature respond to each other. The change of nature influences to directly human body. One of the change is the weather change. and there is order in the change. The order is twelve months. To explain the weather change of the cold, hot. dry and wet. we can use Four seasons, The twenty-four seasons, or The twelve month. To explain the five elements of the chinese cosmogony, The four season is useful, and the change of weather, the twenty-four seasons is good. But, the viscera is explained by the ten celestial stems and the twelve horary sings. Thus the twelve horary sings is most useful to explain, because one year is composed by twelve months. The twelve season and fancy of the ten celestial stems is explained fully by Diao-hou-yong-shen. Diao-hou-yong-shen is expressed by the zodiac signs, and explained by the disposition of the zodiac sings. In addition to the oriental medical science is also explained and expressed by the zodiac signs. Therefore, I think that the change of viscera, according to weather, is based on the Diao-hou-yong-shen, and I get some results. In the acting of viscera, there are some relationship between organs. The relationship is not influenced directly by the weather of four seasons, unless there are some special details. If the energy of the month, which rules one specific organ, is weak, doctor should fill up the organ. If not, the organ tends to get sick. According to the full or weak of the five elements which is under the month, the useless or harmful elements should be taken off, and useful and needful elements should be serviced. The balance between cold, hot, dry and wet should be maintained. However, the fancy of the viscera is very different. So, doctor should be careful to maintain balance. The full and weak between Yin and Yang should be considered when doctor think about cold and hot in the month.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 1995

Between January 1984 to June 1994, fourteen patients from 37 to 80 years of age [mean 66.42 11.71 years of age have undergone surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm in Kyung Hee Univ. Hospital. There were 11 males and 3 female patients. All but one were infra-renal type. The etiology of the aneurysm consisted of twelve atherosclerotic, one inflammatory and one traumatic abdominal aortic aneurysm.Two patients were operated on for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. We performed dacron graft interposition in all patients and one patient was also performed aorto-renal end to side anastomosis. Two patients died of postoperative complications which was a pulmonary insufficiency in one, acute renal failure in another patient.Remaining twelve patients were discharged with good condition and followed up from 2 months to 87 months.[mean $34.58{\pm}29.79$ months.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.533-545
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of social support revealed in the time duration of sick role behavior compliance on the patients with hypertension using Quasiexperimental research design. Data collection was made through the interview survey technique from the hypertensive patients who received social support intervention (experimental group, n=41) and from those who were not exposed to the intervention(control group, n= 34). The subjects were registered in the cardiovascular outpatient clinic at the Chonnam National University Hospital from June 3, 1996 to November 30, 1997. $\chi^2$-test or t- test, Repeated measures ANOVA were utilized in the data analysis. The results were as follows: 1. The effect of social support intervention on sick role behavior compliance was significant in 1 month(F=69.17, p=.000), 6 months (F=11.51, p=.001), and 12 months(F=.07, p=.789) and between two groups(1 month; F=153.70, p=.000, 6 months; F=13.94, p=.000, 12 months; F=6.72, p= .011). 2. The effect of social support intervention on blood pressure was not significant through all the periods of time (F=1.21, p=.274) between the two groups(F=.12, p=.732). In conclusion, it was showed that social support had an effect on sick role behavior compliance and the effect of social support continued for twelve months(F= 10.03, p=.002) However, the score of compliance tends to decrease after 6 months of intervention. Therefore, this study indicated that social support re-intervention would be needed between six and twelve months.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.116-123
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• 1999

It is generally considered that only questionnares, collected at the time when each course close, have been evaluated & represented for all of the subjects. But all the result of each course can be actually evaluated using only the data taken from how to apply for at the construction site or at the factory, directly, for the period of at least one year, not just short months. This study is to evaluate and quantify the result and analyses using the data from questionnare concerning the level practically applied to each process at construction site. 1st for three(3) months, 2nd for six(6) months, 3rd for nine(9) months, finally 4th for twelve (12) months, one year These questionnares have been distributed for same people four(4) times to find out what to, how to be applied with each subject.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.89-100
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• 1975

Sixteen cases of cardiac valve replacements have been done in this department since 1970. Twelve cases of mitral valve replacement were done with Beall valve, 2 cases of aortic valve replacement with Starr-Edwards and Magoven valve and 2 cases of double valve replacement using Beall valve for mitral and Magovern valve for aortic. Three patients [18.8%] died during operation. Two cases [12.5%] of hospital mortality occurred because of congestive heart failure and asphyxia due to tracheomalacia 3 months after operation. Follow-up studies from two to 27 months showed excellent results except three cases of late mortality [18.8 %]. Thromboembolism occurred in two double valve replacement patients[12.5%]who were fatal.