• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

Immune-potentiation of Chicorium endivia L. were investigated on follows extracts associated with ultrasonification process at 60 kHz and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, about $10{\sim}20%$ compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 was also enhanced by the addition $(0.5mg/m{\ell})$ of the extracts. NK cell activation was Improved up to 1.37 times higher than the control, through adding extracts. It was also found that extracts from C. endivia L. could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher immune activity than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory activity than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of C. endivia L. is ethanol extraction at $60{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ associated with ultrasonification.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 한국산 생약재인 마황과 복분자를 이용하여 추출과정 중 4$0^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$로 온도를 달리 하여 기존의 열수 추출방법과 초음파를 병행한 추출을 통하여 면역활성 증진에 다르게 나타나는 효과를 비교 실험하였다. 추출시 모든 열수 추출물들에 비해 초음파 병행 추출물의 추출 수율이 높게 나타났고, 마황 4$0^{\circ}C$ 초음파 병행 추출물이 물 추출물에 비해 2.34배로 가장 높은 추출 수율이 나타냈으며, 10$0^{\circ}C$ 복분자 추출물은 물 추출물에 비해 초음파 병행 추출물이 1.27배 증가한 것으로 나타나 10$0^{\circ}C$ 복분자 추출물을 제외한 모든 추출물들에서 초음파 병행 추출물이 물 추출물에 비하여 1.6배 이상 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 추출시 추출되지 않았던 여러 활성 물질이 초음파 처리에 의해 액체간의 상호 탈기 작용에 의해 추출 수율의 상승 효과를 가져온 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 면역세포의 생육활성 측정결과 모든 조건에서 초음파 병행 추출물이 열수 추출만을 가한 추출물에 비해 생육도가 20∼25% 가량 더 높게 관찰되었다. 더불어 인간 면역세포인 B, T cell을 이용한 cytokine 분비량 측정실험에서도 마찬가지로, 열수 추출물에 비해 초음파를 병행한 추출물에서 그 분비량이 1.5배 정도 더 높게 나타났다. 그 중에서도 복분자 6$0^{\circ}C$, 40 KHz 초음파 병행 추출물이 가장 높은 cytokine 분비량 증가 효과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 비추어 보면, 앞으로 더 많은 실험을 통하여 초음파의 병행 효과와 이를 통한 기능성 소재 및 기능성 식품으로의 고부가가치 창출을 위해 더 많은 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각되어진다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

In this study, we attempted to solubilize protein in slaughter blood (SB) using ultrasonic technology. The application of ultrasonic technology can make enzymatic degradation of SB more effective, which has no comparable alternative for treatment. The SB was homogenized by grinding it for 10 minutes at 10,000 rpm as a pretreatment for preventing its clotting, and then ultrasonic treatment was attempted to solubilize protein in SB. To maximize the efficiency of ultrasonic treatment for SB, the optimum condition of ultrasonic frequency (UF) was determined to be 20 kHz. To optimize the operation conditions of ultrasonification with 20 kHz of frequency, we used response surface methodology (RSM) based on ultrasonic density (UD) and ultrasonification time (UT). The solubilization rate (SR) of protein (%) was calculated to be $101.304-19.4205X_1+0.0398X_2+7.9411X_1{^2}+0.0001X_2{^2}+0.0455X_1X_2$. From the results of the RSM study, the optimum conditions of UD and UT were determined at 0.5 W/mL and 22 minutes, respectively, and SB treated under these conditions was estimated to have a 95% SR. Also, experimentally, a 95.53% SR was observed under same conditions, accurately reflecting the theoretical prediction of 95%.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2014

Silkworm (Bombyx mori ) feces have long been used in the pharmaceutical and food industries as a natural colorant. However, there is limited data on the bioactive compounds that constitute silkworm feces. This research emphasizes the antioxidant activity of different solvent and flavonoid extracts of silkworm feces. The solvents were ethanol, butanol, and water, while the methods utilized included ultrasonification, stirrer, reflux, and reflux after ultrasonification extraction. Results showed that butanol ultrasonification extraction (BUE) yield the lowest extraction (1.75%), while the other methods yielded 7 to 14%. The total polyphenol content utilizing BUE was 3.3 mg TAE/g, while water ultrasonification extraction (WUE) yielded the highest extraction rate with 51.6 mg TAE/g. The total flavonoid content was significantly higher using ethanol reflux extraction (EUE) at 266.8 mg QRE/g BUE, which was 158.3 and 151.3 mg QRE/g. Both DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like (superoxide dismutase) activity, showed significant antioxidant effects. Finally, all other extracts except for BUE had a-glucosidase inhibition at 60%. Therefore, an effective extraction method for physiologically active substances must be selected.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Immune activities of Opuntia ficus indica L. Miller were investigated through aqueous extracts associated with ultrasonification process at $60^{\circ}C$, and showed the highest promotion of human B and T cell growth, up to 52% and 41%, respectively, compared to the control. The secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-60 was also enhanced by the addition $(0.5mg/m{\ell})$ of the extracts, up to 48%. NK cell activation was significantly improved up to 1.3 times higher than the case of adding other extracts. It was also found that extracts from O. ficus indica could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than Lipopolysaccaharides (LPS). It can be concluded that, in general, the extracts treated with ultrasonification has higher Immune acitivities than others, possibly by higher yielding immune-modulatory than conventional extraction process. The optimum condition for the extraction of O. ficus-indicais water extraction associated with ultrasonification.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.318-325
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• 2006

Ultrasonified extracts from seawater-based cultures of the microalga Spiyulina platensis were obtained using water and ethanol at 60 and 100$^{\circ}C$. The yield of the aqueous fraction of S. platensis extracted using ultrasonification was about 33.46%. The cytotoxicity against HEK293 and inhibition ratios of the cancer cell lines A549, AGS, MCF7, and Hep3B were measured using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The cytotoxicity of all extracts at 1.0 mg/mL was below 26%. The cytotoxicity of the ultrasonified extracts from the seawater-based culture of the microalga Spirulina platensis was about 4% less than that of Spirulina platensis without ultrasonification. The inhibition ratio of cancer cell growth was approximately 80% for 1.0 mg/mL extracts. The inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth was greater for seawater containing ultrasonified Spirulina platensis extracts than for extracts without ultrasonification. The differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells was 160.9%. Densitometric analysis of Bcl-2 revealed that the ultrasonified extracts had greater anticancer activity than the extracts without ultrasonification.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2010

Enhancement effect of ultrasonification process on UV-protection and skin-whitening activities using Centella asiatica L. Urban extract was investigated. Cytotoxicity of the extracts measured on human skin fibroblast cells, CCD-986sk, and then, ultrasonification associated extracts showed 5~9% lower cytotoxicity then normal crude extracts on 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of highest sample concentration. The associated extrats showed highest inhibition activity of hyaluronidase on 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of concentration as 54.2%. Also, the associated extract reduced expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to 100.2% from 136.1%, and revealed high inhibitory potency on tyrosinase as 74.6% by adding 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of concentration. Ultrasonification associated extract showed strong inhibition effect of melanin production on Clone M-3 cells as 84.2% by adding 1.0 mg/$m{\ell}$ of concentration. From the preliminary observations, we considered that the extracts from C. asiatica could be potent natural materials for skin-whitening and anti-aging agent, and could enhance the activities by ultrasonification process.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 추출보조공정으로서 초음파 처리에 따른 녹차의 성분특성 변화를 분석하기 위하여,$60^{\circ}C$에서 1, 5, 30, 60분간 열수추출하고, 동일온도에서 초음파 추출하여 각각 가용성 고형분, vitamin C, 총 페놀성 화합물, flavonols, catechins, caffeine, free amino acids 함량을 분석하였다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 초음파 처리에 의해 약 4~5%의 추출수율이 증가하였다. Viamin C 함량은 1, 5, 30분에서는 각각 약 0.21, 0.16, 0.31 mg/g 증가하였지만, 60분 처리구에서는 대조구와 비교해 2.47 mg/g에서 2.22 mg/g으로 감소하였고, 총 페놀성 화합물 함량이 약 10~13 mg/g 증가하였다. Flavonols는 myricetin이 4.77 mg/100g에서 9.94 mg/100g, quercetin은 10.97 mg/100g에서 20.84 mg/100g, kaempferol은 7.95 mg/100g에서 17.33 mg/100g으로 초음파 처리에 의해 약 2배 이상 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 초음파처리에 의해 녹차 침출액의 EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, (+)-C 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 경향과는 달리, 유리아미노산의 경우는 초음파 처리에 따른 영향이 거의 없었고, 추출시간이 길어짐에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 초음파 처리에 의해 녹차의 vitamin C, 총 페놀 화합물, flavonol류, catechins의 추출이 증가함을 알 수 있었고, 따라서 녹차 가공에 있어 초음파 처리가 매우 효율적인 추출보조공정으로 사용될 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.195-199
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• 2003

물 추출과 초음파를 병행한 모든 조건 중 $60^{\circ}C$에서 초음파 병행 추출물이 보다 높은 추출 수율을 보였고 그 중 복분자가 가장 높은 추출 수율을 보였다. 또한 총 5일간 인간 면역세포인 T-cell의 생육도와 Cytokine 분비량을 확인한 결과도 마찬가지로 물 추출물보다는 초음파를 병행한 추출물을 더 높은 면역 증진 효과를 보였다. 이는 초음파를 통해 발생되는 액체 상호간의 상승작용으로 인하여 생약재중에 함유되어 있는 많은 phenol성 물질 및 식물성분의 증가로 생리활성 물질의 증가를 가져오기 때문이다. 더욱이 $100^{\circ}C$가 아닌 $60^{\circ}C$에서 더 높은 면역 증진활성을 보인 이유는 액체 상태의 과도한 열로 인하여 내부 식물성분의 파괴 및 열 변성을 가져와 이런 결과를 가져온 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과로 기존의 $100^{\circ}C$ 물 추출물보다는 $60^{\circ}C$의 비교적 낮은 온도에서 초음파 추출을 통한 생약재의 추출물들이 더 높은 활성을 나타내므로 초음파 추출에 대한 다양한 실험 모델을 통해 더 많은 실험이나 기능성 식품 및 소재 개발에 이용되고자 한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2016

Background: This study represents the first report that the anti-obesity activity of ethanol extracts of Aronia melanocarpa can be enhanced through ultrasonification at a frequency of 120 kHz at $60^{\circ}C$ (UE). Methods and Results: The amounts of cyanidin-3-O-galactose (cya-gal), a major anthocyanin in A. melanocarpa were higher by up to 402.4 mg/100 g, as compared with 221.4 mg/100 g and 322.1 mg/100 g, for hot water at $100^{\circ}C$ and 70% ethanol at $80^{\circ}C$ respectively. This result should cause the higher antioxidant activities of the UE than extract of hot water and ethanol in DPPH free radical scavenging. It was confirmed that the high antioxidant activity of UE could play an important role in inhibiting the production of proteins related to adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-${\gamma}$ (PPAR-${\gamma}$) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1). Conclusions: Ultrasonification at a frequency of 120 kHz at $60^{\circ}C$ should result in better anti-obesity activity than that observed using other processes. It was also observed for the first time that the anti-obesity activity of A. melanocarpa was associated with its antioxidant activity, possibly due to the higher elution of intact cya-gal, owing to efficient low temperature ultrasonification extraction. These results could also be applied to improve other biological activities of medicinal herbs that contain many types of heat-labile bioactive substances.