• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.94-102
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a urinary incontinence management program for middle aged women living in a rural area. Method: The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. Forty eight women with urinary incontinence aged 40-64, who lived in a rural area were included in the study. The urinary incontinence management program was composed of urinary incontinence education, pelvic floor muscle exercise, behavior management using a voiding diary. The program had three weekly sessions. Knowledge about urinary incontinence, physical symptoms, self-efficacy, and urinary incontinence related quality of life were measured before and after the program. Results: After carrying the urinary incontinence management program, knowledge score improved significantly compared to before the program ($6.31{\pm}3.30$ vs $7.77{\pm}2.55$, p=.01). But the score for self-efficacy, and urinary incontinence related quality of life did not improve. Conclusion: The 3 week urinary incontinence program had an effect on knowledge related to urinary incontinence, but not self efficacy nor urinary incontinence related quality of life. Thus further study is required to better evaluate the effects of the urinary incontinence program.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.267-277
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to help the women with stress urinary incontinence lead more comfortable life, by letting them to do pelvic muscle exercise and to learn by direct experience the effect that urinary incontinence is controlled. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 16 middle-aged women(over 38) with stress urinary incontinence. The study was conducted from August 1, to October 11, 1999. Women trained themselves for muscular strength and endurance, every the other day for each exercise for six weeks at home(that means each exercise for more than three days a week) in the pelvic muscle exercise program which was developed by Dougherty et al., and filled out exercise participation card every week. They visited laboratory once a week to get visual feedback, by means of Perineometer, of how the pelvic muscle exercise was going on. Stress Urinary Incontinence Scale that Lee, Young-Sook revised and supplemented Hendrickson's original scale was used for measuring the frequency and situation scores of urinary incontinence, "30 minute pad test" was carried out for measuring the amount of urinary incontinence, and Perineometer was used for measuring maximum vaginal contraction pressure. Percentage, mean, standard deviation and Wilcoxon signed ranks test were used for data analysis by means of SPSS/PC+ WIN 9.0 program. The results were summarized as follows : The hypothesis 1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly degree of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported. The hypothesis 1-1 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the weekly frequency of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.003). The hypothesis 1-2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the situation scores of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.044). The hypothesis 2 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the amount of urinary incontinence would reduce compared to before the exercise was supported(p=.001). The hypothesis 3 that after carrying out pelvic muscle exercise program on women with stress urinary incontinence, the maximum vaginal contraction pressure would increase compared to before the exercise was supported (p=.012). These results suggest that pelvic muscle exercise program has an effect on women with stress urinary incontinence in the degree and amount of urinary incontinence and maximum vaginal contraction pressure. So it is judged that training women with stress urinary incontinence for pelvic muscle exercise is an effective nursing intervention strategy in order to care urinary incontinence.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.51-63
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of urinary incontinence of community residing climacteric women, and to identify the relationship between urinary incontinence and quality of life. The subjects of this study were 156 women(45 to 59 years old). Data was collected from Sep. 1 to Dec. 1 2002 by an interview or self-reporting by a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of items of general characteristics, urinary characteristics, and conditions of urinary incontinence, using the modified Henderickson's stress incontinence scale(1981), and the quality of life scale developed by RO, You Ja(1988). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/WIN program using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test and AVOVA. The results of the study were as follows : 1. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 76.3%. Of the incontinent women, 42.0% had experienced urinary incontinence for a period of one to three years. Frequency of urinary incontinence was once or twice per day for 42.9% of the urinary incontinent women. Most of the participation with urinary incontinence(91.6%) had mild leakage of urine. In the whole urinary incontinent women, 70.6% had never treated or managed their urinary incontinence. Most of the subjects(79.8%) were mildly incontinent, and the prevalence of moderate and severe urinary incontinence was 20.2%. The mean scores among the items of urinary incontinence, in descending order, were increase of abdominal pressure($1.45{\pm}1.05$), coughing($1.16{\pm}0.93$), and sneezing($1.03{\pm}0.92$). 2. The average score in the level in the quality of life variables was 3.12. The urinary incontinence and quality of life were correlated negatively(r=-0.103, p<0.001). 3. There were statistically significant differences in the score of climacteric woman's self reported quality of life according to : amount of urinary incontinence(F=12.68, P=0.001), duration of urinary incontinence(F=6.97, P=0.009), number of urinary incontinence(F=4.77, P=0.03), existence of urinary incontinence(t=148, P=0.05). In conclusion, this study was a preliminary study to provide nursing practice guidelines for climacteric woman with urinary incontinence. Nurses working with climacteric woman should develop and provide adequate care for the incontinent climacteric subjects. In future research, it is recommended to identify comprehensive factors related to urinary incontinence, including the effective management of urinary incontinence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.469-477
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect the severity of urinary incontinence and the quality of life of women with urinary incontinence. Methods: An exploratory correlation research design was applied and the sixty women who responded that they currently experience involuntary urine leakage at least once per week were invited to participate in the study. Results: According to the study results, the factors that significantly contribute to the severity of urinary incontinence were age, number of parity, and number of normal deliveries. Other influencing factors, such as obesity, menopausal state, hysterectomy, and number of episiotomies, were not significant to predict the severity of urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence frequency per week and duration of experiencing urinary incontinence were shown to be factors that significantly affect quality of life. Conclusion: In women above 60 years old, multiparity, and multiple experiences of vaginal delivery tended to present a higher level of severity of urinary incontinence. In addition, women with higher frequencies of urinary incontinence per week and a longer duration of urinary incontinence showed a lower level of quality of life.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.73-85
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of the urinary incontinence and it's relating factors in women. The target population is 327 community dwelling women in the age of 30-70 years old at 6 cities in Korea. The data were collected from August, 1996 to December. 1996 with interview using structured questionaire composing of items of general characteristics, obstetric characteristics, disease characteristics, situation of experiencing urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence, and depression. The data were analysed with $SPSS/PC^+$ program, T-test, $x^2$ test, and ANOVA test. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women is 37.7%(130/327). 2) The mean duration of experiencing the urinary incontinence was 75.9 months and the 60% of the respondents experienced a few frequency of urinary incontinence and the most common amount of urinary incontinence(91.5%) was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their clothes'. 3) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly, and the activities of need for hurry. 4) The most common situations of discomforts associated with urinary incontinence were having long journey, exercise, playing, and social meeting. 5) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more children, older age of last delivery, more vaginal delivaries, and less c-section. 6) The incidence of urinary incontinence was not affected with the disease characteristics of the respondents, however it was higher when the women had the physical problems of constipation, abdominal laparatomy and episode of urinary catheterization than who had not. 7) The most common symptom of urinary incontinence was the frequent urine(43.1%), and the next was the urgent urine(12.3), delayed urine(9.2%). 8) 90.7% of the epsodic urinary incontinence were not treated at al, however, they wanted to try the herb medicine(41.5%), Kegel exercise(27.7%), and biofeedback(10.0%). 9) The level of Depression in the group of urinary incontinence was higher than that of non incontinence group significantly. In conclusion, as urinary incontinence in women proved severe health problem, health care providers need to develop and provide nursing intervention of urinary incontinence such as pelvic muscle exercise with bio-feedback and psychological care.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.257-268
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study were to identify the characteristics of urinary incontinence in adult women and to identify it's relating factors, daily living and sexual problem related urinary incontinence. Subjects were 60 community dwelling women in the age of 25-60 years old at 1 cities in Korea. The data were collected from January 1988 to May. 1998. Subject were interviewed with structured questionnaire. Questionaire was composed of item of general characteristics, obstetrical characteristics, measuring tool of severity of urinary incontinence, discomfort due to urinary incontinence. The data were analyzed with SAS program, descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA test. The results of study were as followings. 1) Most of incontinence women were mildly incontinent subjects(mean=7.40). 2) The common activity related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing aloudly exercising. 63.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops. 3) The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in woman who had more pariety and older age of last delivery, menopause, itching sense of vagina. 4) 73.3% of the episodic urinary incontinence were not treated because the felt that urinary incontinence was not disease(70.4%) was shamful(18.1%), was incurable inspite of treatement attempt(4.5%). 5) Daily living problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows : Voiding before going out(66.6%), odor of urine(10.0), frequent underwear change.(88.3%). 6) Sexual intercourse problem related to urinary incontinence were as follows : Pain during sexual intercourse(30.0%), sexual life trouble,(8.3%), urine leakage.(11.7%) The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common in adult women. Health care provider should develop and provide adequate nursing intervention for prevention and early treatment of urinary incontinence.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.11
• /
• pp.1147-1151
• /
• 2008

Functional urinary incontinence, the absence of any neurologic or structural abnormality as a cause of urinary incontinence in children, is one of the most common clinical problems encountered in pediatric and urologic departments, and it can be socially and emotionally distressing for the affected children. The prevalence rates of functional urinary incontinence in school-aged children are not very high and differ between boys and girls. The underlying mechanisms of functional urinary incontinence are heterogenous and can be associated with the following dysfunctions of both the storage and voiding patterns of the bladder: overactive bladder, dysfunctional voiding, lazy bladder syndrome, HinmanAllen syndrome, giggle incontinence, and vaginal voiding. Treatment methods for urinary incontinence in children should be chosen according to these clinical conditions. Treatment modalities generally consist of the treatment of comorbid conditions such as urinary infection and constipation, behavior therapy to modify learned voiding patterns, and pharmacotherapy primarily with anticholinergics and ${\alpha}$-adrenergic blockers. This review discusses the optimal treatment modalities, including treatment of the underlying voiding disorders, and diagnostic approaches related to functional urinary incontinence in children.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.115-128
• /
• 2022

This study investigated and analyzed the symptoms of urinary incontinence and the wearing status, purchase status, and preference for urinary incontinence products in women in their 50s and older. When purchasing urinary incontinence pads and panty, waterproof function and absorption speed were recognized as important. In urinary incontinence products, the most common function was to prevent leakage, and the preferred color was skin. When the number of urinary incontinence was high, the absorption function was considered important. Size or fit was important when the amount of urinary incontinence was small, but waterproof function was found to be important when the amount of urinary incontinence increased. It was hoped that a function to prevent leakage would be added when the incidence of urinary incontinence and the amount of urinary incontinence were high, and a panty-type pad was preferred. It was analyzed that the higher the number of births, the higher the amount of urinary incontinence, and the more frequent symptoms of urinary incontinence appeared. t was found that the earlier menopause, the higher the amount of urinary incontinence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.196-206
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to find out the prevalence of urinary incontinence, it's relating factors and the level of self-esteem in women. Subject of this study consisted of 153 in the age of 30-55 years old living in around Iksan. The date were collected from March, 1998 to June, 1998 with interview using structured questionare and were analysed with SPSS program. The results were as follows : 1) The prevalence of urinary incontinence is 85%. The most common amount of urinary incontinence was somewhat small expressed as 'wetting their panty' 2) The common factors related to the urinary incontinence were coughing, sneezing, laughing loudly, the activities of need for hurry and constipation. The older, the more incidence of urinary incontinence were reported. 3) Only 50% of epsodic urinary incontinence were treated and they wanted to try the herb medicine(64%), taking medicine(8%) and exercise(3%). 4) There was significant between self-esteem and urinary incontinence (T=13.83, p=.000), but between degree of urinary incontinence and self-esteem were not significant(F=.71, p=.55). In conclusion, urinary incontinence will be very serious health problem as aging so that it's Important to provide nursing intervention to prevent and be well. It need to support psychological care, too.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.683-693
• /
• 1997

Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary and inappropriate loss of urine to failure to emit normal responses as the bladder fills, or inability to reach the bathroom in sufficient time. This study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of urinary incontinence and to determine the correlates of urinary incontinence among women. Subjects of this survey consisted of 408 women, 26 to 83 years old in Incheon. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Of the subjects 50.7% reported urine loss once or twice per year and 28.5% reported incontinence on a regular basis at least once per month. 2. 40.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops, 31.4% ; 1 t-spoon, 16.9% : 1 T-spoon, while 10.1% of women couldn't estimate the volume of urine loss. 3. The volume of urine loss was great enough to require a change of garment (undergarments or outer garments) in 73%. But only 3.8% of those used some type of pads. 4. 56.5% of incontinent women didn't talk about their urinary incontinence with other persons because they felt that urinary incontinence was shameful(38.4%), was not a disease(31.6%), was incurable in spite of treatment(27.4%) and was fearful of being uncured (2.6%). 5. Only 15.5% of urinary incontinent women had sought treatment. 6. The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in women who had more pariety and uterine-ovarian disease, older age, worrying about where toilets were when they visited new places or voiding anxiety, nocturia and frequency, but was significantly lower in women who had coffee intake. The incidence of urinary incontinence was not related to smoking and enuresis. The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common among young and middle-aged women. That few seek treatment for urinary incontinence suggests a need for more information about women's attitudes toward urinary incontinence and more attention to this problem by health care providers.