Early Result of Surgical Management of the Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery

관상동맥-폐동맥 이상 기시증에 대한 수술의 조기 결과

  • Yoon Yoo Sang (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Park Jeong Jun (Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yun Tae Jin (Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim Young Hwue (Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine) ;
  • Ko Jae Kon (Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine) ;
  • Park In Sook (Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo Dong Man (Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Ulsan University College of Medicine)
  • 윤유상 (아주대학교 의과대학 흉부외과) ;
  • 박정준 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장외과) ;
  • 윤태진 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장외과) ;
  • 김영휘 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 고재곤 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 박인숙 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장과) ;
  • 서동만 (울산대학교 의과대학 서울아산병원 소아심장외과)
  • Published : 2006.01.01

Abstract

Background: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly, but is one of the most common causes of myocardial ischemia which would result in high mortality within the first year of life. This is our early result of the surgical management for these patients. Material and Method: From June 1989 to July 2003, 6 patients with ALCAPA and one patient with ARCAPA (Anomalous origin of the Right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery) underwent surgical repair. We have reviewed the all medical records, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray and echocardiography retrospectively. Result: Three of the patients were boys and four were girls. The median age at the operation was 5.4 months (Range: 3$\∼$33 months). The average body weight of at the operation was 6.7 kg (Range: 3.7$\∼$11.3 kg). A mean follow up period was 18 months. Only 3 patients were initially diagnosed as ALCAPA. And 3 patients had moderate mitral regurgitation. Immediate coronary artery reimplantation on diagnosis with the aim of restoring a two-coronary system circulation was done. The average bypass time was 114$\pm$37 minutes, and the average aortic cross clamping time was 55$\pm$22 minutes. The average stay of intensive care unit was 5$\pm$3 days, the mean mechanical ventilator time was 38$\pm$45 hours and the hospital stay after operation was 12$\pm$5 days. There were significant improvements in electrocardiogram and chest X-ray of the all patients except one late death patient. The ventricular function showed almost normal recovery after operation; the EF (Ejection Fraction) increased from 41.2$\pm$ 10.3$\%$ to 60.5$\pm$ 15.8$\%$ within 1 month and to 59.8$\pm$13.9$\%$ within 1 year after operation, the SF (Shortening Fraction) increased from 23.6$\pm$4.7$\%$ to 38.6$\pm$8.4$\%$ within 1 month and to 37.4$\pm$7.9$\%$ within 1 year after operation, LVEDDI (Left Ventricular End-diastolic Dimension Index) decreased from 100.8$\pm$25.6 mm/$m^{2}$ to 90.3$\pm$ 19.2 mm/$m^{2}$ within f month and to 79.3$\pm$ 15.8 mm/$m^{2}$ within 1 year after operation. Concomitant mitral repair was done in two patients with anterior mitral leaflet prolapse. In every patient, mitral valve showed less than mild regurgitation during follow up. One late death occurred in which patient Dor procedure was applied 10 months after initial operation due to the dilated cardiomyopathy Conclusion: In the management of this rare and could be fatal Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA), early suspicion and correct diagnosis is of most important. But, after diagnosis, immediate restoration of 2 coronary systems could result in good outcome.

배경: 관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 기시증(Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery; ALCAPA)은 드문 선천성 심장병으로, 아이들에게 있어 심근경색 및 허혈성 심장병의 가장 흔한 원인 중 하나이다. 치료하지 않을 경우 출생 1년 내에 높은 사망률을 보이며, 진단 즉시 이중관상동맥 체계로 수술적 교정을 해주는 것이 치료 원칙이다. 아직 국내의 임상 경험 및 결과에 대한 보고가 드물어 본원의 경험을 공유하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 서울아산병원에서는 1989년 6월부터 2003년 7월까지 수술을 시행한 6예의 좌관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 기시증과 1예의 우관상동맥 폐동맥이상 기시증 환아를 대상으로 하여 심전도, 단순흉부촬영 및 심초음파 소견 등을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 결과: 환아들 중 남아는 3명이고, 여아는 4명이었으며, 수술 당시 환아의 연령은 중앙값 5.4개월(3$\∼$33개월)이였다. 환아의 몸무게는 평균 6.7$\pm$2.6 kg (3.7$\∼$11.3 kg)이었고, 진단은 3명만이 초기에 좌 관상동맥 폐동맥 이상 연결증으로 정확히 진단되었고, 4명은 다른 진단으로 입원하였다. 수술은 이중관상동맥 체계의 형성을 원칙으로 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술을 시행하였다. 체외순환 시간은 114$\pm$37분, 대동맥차단 시간은 55$\pm$22분이었다. 이차성 심방중격결손의 단순 봉합이 1예, 승모판 성형술이 2예에서 동반 시술되었다. 중환자실 재원일은 평균 5일, 인공호흡기 보조시간은 평균 38시간이며, 술 후 입원기간은 평균 12일이었다. 심전도와 흘부 단순 촬영 소견은 만기 사망한 한 예를 제외하고 모두 호전되었으며, 좌심실 기능의 회복도 거의 정상적으로 회복되어, 수술 후 1년 내에 실시한 심초음파 검사에서 좌심실 박출률(EF: Ejection fraction)은 평균 41.2$\pm$10.3$\%$에서 평균 $59.8{\pm}13.9\%$로, 좌심실 수축률(Shortening Fraction)은 평균 23.6$\pm$4.7$\%$에서 37.4$\pm$7.9$\%$로 호전되었고, 좌심실의 수축기말의 용적지수(LVEDDI: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension index to body surface area)는 수술 전100.8$\pm$25.6 mm/$m^{2}$에서 79.3$\pm$ 15.8 mm/$m^{2}$로 감소한 소견을 보였다. 승모판 성형술은 전 승모판엽 탈출증이 있는 두 환아에서 동시에 시행하였다. 수술 후 1년 내 시행한 심초음파에서 모든 환아에서 단지 경등도 이하의 승모판 폐쇄 부전 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 조기 사망은 없었으며, 합병증으로는 유미흉이 한 명에서 있었다. 술 후 10개월째 허혈성 확장성 심근증이 호전되지 않아 Dor 술식을 시행한 후 사망한 예를 제외한 나머지 6명은 특이 증상 없이 정상 생활 중이다 결론: 좌관상동맥 페동맥이상 기시증은 드물기는 하나, 영유아기에 심근경색 및 허혈성 심근증 또는 선천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.

Keywords

References

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