Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in Patients 70 Years of Age and Older

70세 이상 고령 환자에서의 관상동맥우회술

  • Park Jong Un (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Lee Weon Yong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim Kun Il (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Hong Ki Woo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Chee Hyun Keun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Shin Yoon Cheol (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Lee Jae Woong (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Hallym University) ;
  • Kim Eung Jung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Dongguk University)
  • 박종운 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이원용 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김건일 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 홍기우 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 지현근 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 신윤철 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 이재웅 (한림대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실) ;
  • 김응중 (동국대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실)
  • Published : 2006.01.01

Abstract

Background: There has been an increase in the number of elderly patients considered for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Recently, there were many satisfactory reports of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in old age due to the development in operative technique and postoperative management. We evaluated operative and follow-up results of patients 70 years of age and older compared to 60 years old. Material and Method: We retrospectively studied the cases of 74 consecutive patients 70 years or older (group A) who underwent a elective CABG from January 2000 to December 2003 and compared that of relatively young age group (group B, 60-69 years old). We compared preoperative characteristics, operation technique, postoperative results that effect outcome, also we investigated late mortality and cardiac events at follow-up periods. Result: Preoperative demographic and clinical characteristics of two groups were not different, except preoperative renal dysfunction(serum creatinine: $\geq$1.4 mg/dl) (group A 17, 23$\%$ vs group B 14, 9$\%$) (p=0.024). There was no difference of the mean number of distal anastomosis and the left ventricular ejection fraction in group A decreased significantly from 53.7$\pm$13$\%$ preoperatively to 49.9$\pm$ 12$\%$ postoperatively (p=0.02), but not changed in group B. There was no difference at operative mortality rate and postoperative major morbidity rate, but wound problem of saphenous vein harvest site was significantly higher in group A than group B (6.8$\%$ vs 0.7$\%$, p=0.02). The mean follow up duration was 24.3$\pm$13 months and the cumulative survival were 95.4$\%$ at 2 year and 79.9$\%$ at 4 year in group A and 95.4$\%$ at 2 year and 90.1$\%$ at 4 year in group B (p=ns). Conclusion: We conclude that age is not a factor of determination when we decide about operation because coronary artery bypass grafting in elderly more than 70 years old can be performed with a low mortality rate and acceptable morbidity rate.

배경: 관상동맥우회술의 대상이 되는 고령 환자가 점차 증가하고 있다 고령 환자에서의 관상동맥우회술은 수술 수기 및 수술 후 관리의 발전으로 최근 만족할 만한 수술 결과들이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 70세 이상 고령 환자에서 관상동맥우회술의 결과와 추적조사를 분석하여 60대 환자와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2000년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 70세 이상 환자 74명(A군)을 대상으로 하여 후향적 분석을 시행하였으며 같은 기간의 60대 환자 136명(B군)의 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 수술 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 수술 전 요소 및 수술 내용, 그리고 수술 결과를 비교하였으며, 추적 기간 중 만기 사망 및 심질환 발생에 대하여 조사하였다. 결과: 술 전 임상 양상에서 술 전 신기능 저하(혈중크레아티닌 $\geq$ 1.4 mg/dl)환자가 A군(17예, 23$\%$)에서 B군(14예, 10.3$\%$)보다 많은(p=0.024) 이외 다른 차이는 없었다. 환자당 원위부 문합수는 차이가 없었고 좌심실 구출률은 A군이 수술 전 53.7$\pm$13$\%$에서 수술후 49.9$\pm$ 12$\%$로 감소하였으나(p=0.02), B군에서는 수술 전 후 차이가 없었다. 수술사망률과 주요 수술 합병증 발생률에서는 두 군간의 유의한 차이가 없었으나 정맥 절편 획득 부위의 합병증은 A군(6.8$\%$)이 B군 (0.7$\%$)보다 많았다(p=0.02). 평균 추적 기간은 24.3$\pm$13개월이었으며, 2년과 4년 누적 생존율은 A군이 95.4$\%$, 79.9$\%$, B군이 95.4$\%$, 90.1$\%$였다(p=ns). 결론: 70세 이상 고령 환자에서의 관상동맥우회술은 낮은 사망률과 만족할 만한 합병증 발생률로 시행될 수 있어 환자 나이만으로 수술 여부를 결정해서는 안 될 것으로 생각한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Edmunds LH Jr, Stephenson LW, Edie RN, Ratcliffe MB. Open heart surgery in octogenarians. N Eng J Med 1988; 319-6
  2. Katz NM, Hannan RL, hopkins RA, Wallace RB. Cardiac operations in patients aged 70 years and over: mortality, length of stay, and hospital charge. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60:96-101 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(95)00363-0
  3. Kim HJ, Hwang JJ, Kim HK, Shin JS, Sohn YS, Choi YH. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the elderly. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;32:715-21
  4. Yoo KJ, Kang MS, Ko YH, Cho BK, Sho DM. The clinical experiences and long term results with 369 cases of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;28:583-90
  5. Acinapura AJ, Jacobowitz IJ, Kramer MD, et al. Demographic changes in conronary artery bypass surgery and its effect on mortality and morbidity. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1990;4:175-81 https://doi.org/10.1016/1010-7940(90)90001-G
  6. Rose DM, Gelbfish J, Jacobowitz IJ, et al. Analysis of morbidity and mortality in patients 70 years of age and over undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. Am Heart J 1985;110:341-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(85)90154-1
  7. Higgins TL, Estafanous FG, Loop FD, Beck GJ, Blum JM, paranandi L. Stratification of morbidity and mortality outcome by preoperative risk factors in coronary artery bypass patients : a clinical severity score. JAMA 1992;267:2344-8 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.267.17.2344
  8. Loop FD, Lytle BW, Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the elderly. Cleve Clin J Med 1988;55:23-34 https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.55.1.23
  9. Edward G, John ZA, Paul DC. Comparison of patientreported outcomes after elective coronary artery bypass grafting in patients aged ${\geq}$ and ${\leq}$ 65 years. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:634-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(92)91391-G
  10. Lahey SJ, Borlase BC, Lavin PR, Levitsky S. Preoperative risk factors that predict hospital length of stay in coronary artery bypass patients > 60 years old. Circulation 1992;86:186-90
  11. Peigh PS, Swartz MT, Vaca KJ, Lohmann DP, Naunheim KS. Effect of advancing age on cost and outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58: 1362-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(94)91914-3
  12. Chye-Yew NG, Mohd FR, Yahya A. Coronary bypass surgery in patients aged 70 years and over: mortality, Morbidity, Length of stay and hospital cost. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2004;12:218-23 https://doi.org/10.1177/021849230401200308
  13. Cutis JJ, Walls JT, Boley TM, et al. Coronary revascularization in the elderly: determinants of operative mortality. Ann Thorac Surg 1994;58:1069-72 https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-4975(94)90457-X
  14. Geraci JM, Rosen AK, Ash AS, et al. Predicting the occurrence of adverse events after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:18-24 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-1-199301010-00004
  15. Cheitlin MD. Coronary bypass surgery in the elderly. Clin Geriatr Med. 1996;12:195-20 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0690(18)30253-2
  16. Goldman BS, Scully HE, Tong CP, et al. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the elderly. Geriatr Cardiovasc Med 1988;1:201-7
  17. Katz NM, Chase GA. Risk of cardiac operation for elderly patients: reduction of the age factor. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;63:1309-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-4975(97)00240-3