Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Primary Production and Litter Decomposition of Macrophytes in the Sihwa Constructed Wetlands

시화호 인공습지에서 수생식물의 유기물 생산과 낙엽 분해

  • 최광순 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) ;
  • 김호준 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) ;
  • 김동섭 (한국수자원공사 K-water연구원) ;
  • 조강현 (인하대학교 생명해양과학부)
  • Received : 2013.04.23
  • Accepted : 2013.05.07
  • Published : 2013.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To provide the information for the wetland management considering the water treatment ability of macrophytes, the growth characteristics and primary production by reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha angustifolia), and the decomposition rate of organic matter produced were investigated in two sub-wetlands (Banweol and Donhwa wetlands) of the Sihwa Constructed Wetland (CW) with different chemistry of inflows. The shoot height of P. australis and Typha angustifolia began to increase in March, and reached its peaks in July and August (340cm and 320cm, respectively). The shoot density of P. australis ranging $100{\sim}170EA/m^2$ was higher than that of T. angustifolia (max. $78EA/m^2$). Standing biomass of P. australis ranged from $1,350{\sim}1,980gDM/m^2$, with maximal biomass in Banwol Upper Wetland. And it was larger in upper wetlands than lower wetlands. On the other hand standing biomass of T. angustifolia ($1,940gDM/m^2$) was similar to that of P. australis in Banwol Upper Wetland. Primary productivity of P. australis was in the order of Banwol Upper Wetland ($2,050gDM/m^2/yr$) > Donghwa Lower Wetland ($1,840gDM/m^2/yr$) > Banwol Lowerr Wetland ($1,570gDM/m^2/yr$) ${\fallingdotseq}$ Donghwa Lower Wetland ($1,540gDM/m^2/yr$), and that of T. angustifolia ($2,210gDM/m^2/yr$) was higher than P. australis. Annual production of organic matter produced by P. australis and T. angustifolia was 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr), and about 90% was comprised of that by P. australis. From the litter decomposition rate (k) (P. australis: leaf 0.0062/day, stem 0.0018/day; T. angustifolia: leaf 0.0031/day, stem 0.0018/day), leaf was rapid degraded compare to stem in both P. australis and T. angustifolia. The litter decomposition rate of leaf was two times rapid P. australis than T. angustifolia, whereas that of stem was same in both. Annual litter decomposition amount of P. australis than T. angustifolia was 285 ton C/yr(67.3% of organic matter produced by macrophytes), indicating that 32.7% of organic matter produced by macrophytes is accumulated in the Sihwa CW.

수생식물의 수처리 기능을 고려한 습지관리에 대한 정보를 제공하기 위하여 시화호 인공습지에서 유입수의 수질특성이 다른 2개의 습지(동화천과 반월천 습지)를 대상으로 갈대와 애기부들의 생장특성, 유기물 생산량과 분해속도를 조사하였으며, 또한 유기물생산량과 분해량을 토대로 습지내로의 유기물 부하량을 추정하였다. 갈대와 애기부들의 길이생장은 기온이 상승하는 3월에 증가하여 7~8월에 최고치(갈대 340cm, 부들 320cm) 를 보였다. 경엽부의 밀도는 갈대가 100~170 개체/$m^2$의 범위로 애기부들의 밀도(최대 78 개체/$m^2$)보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 갈대의 경엽부 최대 현존량은 $1,350{\sim}1,980gDM/m^2$의 범위로 반월천고습지에서 가장 컸고, 저습지에 비해 고습지에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 애기부들의 현존량은 $1,940gDM/m^2$로서 반월천고습지 갈대의 최대 현존량과 비슷한 값을 보였다. 갈대의 유기물생산력은 반월천고 습지 $2,050gDM/m^2/yr$ > 동화천저습지 $1,840gDM/m^2/yr$ > 반월천저습지 $1,570gDM/m^2/yr$ ${\fallingdotseq}$ 동화천고습지 $1,540gDM/m^2/yr$의 순으로 나타났으며, 애기부들은 $2,210gDM/m^2/yr$로서 갈대보다 생산력이 높게 나타났다. 시화호 인공습지 갈대와 애기부들의 연간 총 유기물 생산량은 845 ton DM/yr (423 ton C/yr)이었으며, 이중 갈대에 의한 생산량이 90%를 차지했다. 수생식물의 낙엽분해 속도(k)는 갈대와 애기부들 모두 잎이 줄기보다 빠른 것으로 나타났다(갈대: 잎 0.0062/day, 줄기 0.0018/day; 애기부들: 잎0.0031/day, 줄기 0.0018/day). 그리고 줄기 낙엽의 분해속도는 갈대와 애기부들이 같은 반면 잎의 분해속도는 갈대가 애기부들보다 약 2배 빠른 것으로 나타났다. 수생식물의 연간 총 낙엽 분해량(285 ton C/yr, 연간 총 유기물생산량의 67.3%)으로부터, 수생식물의 의해 생산된 유기물의 32.7%는 습지내에 퇴적되는 것으로 추정되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Cho, KH (1992). Matter production and cycles of nitrogen and phosphorus by aquatic macrophytes in Lake Paldang, Ph.D. Dissertation, Seoul University, Seoul, Korea. [Korean Literature］
  2. Choi, BS (2011). Development of planting model and growth characteristics depending on the fundamental environment of hydrophites for aquatic ecosystem restoration, Ph.D. Dissertation, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea. [Korean Literature］
  3. Choi, DH, Choi, K, Hwang, G. Kim, DS, Kim SW, Kang, H (2009). Primary production by epiphytic algae attached on the reed in constructed wetlands for water treatment, J. of KSEE, 31(10), pp. 893-900. [Korean Literature］
  4. Choi, K, Hwang, G, Kim, DS, Kim, SW, Kim, HJ, Joh, SJ and Park, JC (2007). Photosynthetic characteristics and primary production by phytoplankton with different water quality of influent in open waters of constructed wetlands for water treatment, Korean J. of Limnol., 40(1), pp. 61-71. [Korean Literature］
  5. Cronk, JK and Fennessy, MS (2001). Wetland Plants- Biology and Ecology, Lewis Publishers, New York.
  6. Graneli, W and Solander, D (1988). Influence of aquatic macrophytes on phosphorus cycling in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 170, pp. 145-266.
  7. Grant, RR and Patrick, R (1970). Tinicum marsh as a water purifier. Two studies of Tinicum Marsh. The conservation foundation. Washington D.C., pp. 105-123.
  8. Jun, MS and Kim B (1999). Nutrient removal potential of water hyacinth cultured in nutrient-enriched water and swinery wastewater, Korean J. of Environ. Biol., 17(1), pp. 117-124. [Korean Literature］
  9. Kadlec, RH and Knight, RL (2001). Treatment wetlands, Lewis Publishers, New York.
  10. Kim, BY, Lee, SY, Kwean, CS, So, KH and Yun EH (1991). Studies on the purification of sewage water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), Korean J. of Environ. Agric., 10(1), pp. 51-57. [Korean Literature］
  11. Kim, CM, Yim, YJ and Rim, YD (1972). Studies on the primary production of the Phragmites longivalvis community in Korea. Korean IBP Report. Vol. 5, pp. 5-17. [Korean Literature］
  12. Kim, CS (1975). A study on standing crops in Phragmitis communis communities and their environmental factors, Korean J. of Bot., 18(3), pp. 129-134. [Korean Literature］
  13. Kim, KJ, Kim, JS, Kim LY and Yang, KC (2012). Characteristics of nutrient uptake by aquatic plant in constructed wetlands for treating livestock wastewater, J. of Wetlands Research, 14(1), pp. 121-130. [Korean Literature］
  14. Kim, JH, Mun, HT, Min, BM and Cho KJ (1989). Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in an salt marsh in the Nakdong River estuary. J. Ecol. Field Biol., 12(1), pp. 1-7. [Korean Literature］
  15. Mitsch, WJ and Gosselink, JG (2000). Wetlands. Jon Wiley and Sons, Inc, New Jersey.
  16. Mun, HT and Kim, JH (1985). Studies on plant succession of sand bars at the Nagdong River estuary I. Vegetation and soil environment, Korean J. of Bot., 28(1), pp. 79-93. [Korean Literature］
  17. Mun, HT, Namgung J, Kim, JH (1999). Production, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by macrohydrophytes, Korean J. of Environ. Biol., 17(1), pp. 27-34. [Korean Literature］
  18. Oh, KH and Ihm, BS (1983). Seasonal changes in the productivity and soil nutrients of Phragmites communis community in the salt marsh of the Sumjin-River estuary, J. Ecol. Field Biol., 6(2), pp. 90-97. [Korean Literature］
  19. Olson, JS (1963). Energy storage and balance of producers and decomposers in ecological systems, Ecology, 44, pp. 322-331. https://doi.org/10.2307/1932179
  20. Patrict, WH, Delaune, RD, Antio, DA and Engler, RM (1971). Nitrate removal from water at the water-soil interface in swamps, marshes and flooded soils, Ann. Progr. Rep, PEWOA, EPA(Project 1605 FJR, LSU).
  21. Queen, WH (1977). Human uses of salt marshes, Ecosystems of the world I. Wet coastal Ecosystems, VJ Chapman(eds.), Elsevier Scientific Publ. Company. New York, pp. 363-368.
  22. Schlesinger, WH (1991). Biogeochemistry: An analysis of global change, Academic Press, New York.
  23. USEPA (2000). Design Manual; Constructed Wetlands Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters, U.S. EPA 625/R-99/010, Cincinnati, Ohio, pp. 12-20.
  24. Yoon, CG, Kwun, SK, Woo, SH and Kwon, TY (1999). Review of 3-year experimental data from treatment wetland for water quality improvement in rural area, J. of KWSWQ, 15(4), pp. 581-589. [Korean Literature]

Cited by

  1. A Basic Study on the Euryale ferox Salisbury for Introduction in Garden Pond(II) - Focusing with Soil and Water Conditions - vol.34, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.14700/KITLA.2016.34.3.028