Journal of Wetlands Research (한국습지학회지)

Korean Wetlands Society (한국습지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sewage Treatment Using a Double Media Reed Constructed Wetland

복층여재 갈대 인공습지에 의한 생활하수 처리

  • Seo, Jeoung-Yoon (Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University)
  • 서정윤 (창원대학교 환경공학과)
  • Received : 2014.05.26
  • Accepted : 2014.08.11
  • Published : 2014.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A sewage was treated using a serially combined vertical(VFCW) and horizontal flow double media (sand and zeolite for VFCW and sand and waste oyster-shell for HFCW) reed constructed wetland(HFCW) with intermittent feeding (see Fig. 1). The sewage was fed into the reed constructed wetland for 10 minutes every 6 hours at the hydraulic load of $314L/m^2{\cdot}day$. The summarized results were as follows: pH values in the effluent depended very heavily on oyster-shell height filled in the HFCW. They were maintained at less than pH 6.24 when the height of the oyster-shell layer was 200 mm. Influent DO(oxygen demand) values(average 0.19 mg/L) were increased in the VFCW(average 7.65 mg/L) and decreased again in the HFCW(average 6.49 mg/L). They were higher in the winter than in the summer. The OTR(oxygen transfer rate) was $57.15g\;O_2/m^2{\cdot}day$ in the VFCW and $5.65g\;O_2/m^2{\cdot}day$ in the HFCW. The removal efficiency of $NH_4{^+}$-N was 80.17%(6.01 $NH_4{^+}$-N mg/L in the effluent). It was lower than that in the case where only zeolite was filled in the reed constructed wetland. But it was expected that treated sewage effluent using a double media reed constructed wetland with 300 mm zeolite layer could stably meet the Korean treated sewage effluent standard(20 mg T-N/L). Average removal efficiencies were SS 88.09%, BOD 88.12%, $COD_{Cr}$ 83.11%, $COD_{Mn}$ 85.58%, T-N 57.21%, $NH_4{^+}$-N 80.17%, T-P 86.73%. Nearly, The concentration of $NO_3{^-}$-N in the effluent of the VFCW was decreased in that of the HFCW. More than half of T-N in the effluent was $NO_3{^-}$-N(7.92 mg/L) but the concentration of $NO_2{^-}$-N in the effluent was average 0.90 mg/L. The removal efficiencies of T-P were 93.24%, 86.30% and 55.44% at the height of the oyster-shell-filled constructed wetland of 800 mm, 500 mm and 200 mm, respectively and therefore, they were proportional to oyster-shell height filled in the HFCW.

본 연구는 2단(수직 및 수평 흐름) 복층여재(모래와 제올라이트 그리고 모래와 굴 껍질) 갈대 인공습지에 생활하수를 간헐적으로 주입하였을 때 각 수질항목별 처리효율 평가이다. 하수는 수리학적 부하량 $314L/m^2{\cdot}day$(수직 흐름 인공습지 기준)를 하루 4(10분 동안 주입 후 5시간 50분 동안 중단)회 균등하게 간헐적으로 주입하였다. 그 결과 유출수의 pH는 수평 흐름 인공습지 굴 껍질 층의 높이에 크게 영향을 받았으며 굴 껍질 층의 높이가 200 mm일 때 pH 6.24를 보였다. DO(oxygen demand)는 유입수(0.19 mg/L)보다 수직 흐름 인공습지 유출수(7.65 mg/L)에서 높았다가 수평 흐름 인공습지 유출수(6.49 mg/L)에서는 다시 낮아졌다. 그리고 여름보다 겨울에 높았다. 또한 OTR(oxygen transfer rate)은 수직 흐름 인공습지 $57.15g\;O_2/m^2{\cdot}day$ 그리고 수평 흐름 인공습지 $5.65g\;O_2/m^2{\cdot}day$로 나타났다. $NH_4{^+}$-N의 처리효율은 80.17% (유출수 농도 6.01 mg/L)로 전부를 제올라이트로 충진하였을 경우(타 연구)와 비교하여 낮았지만 수직 흐름 인공습지 제올라이트 300 mm 충진 층으로도 하수처리에서 요구되는 방류수질의 T-N 농도(20 mg/L)까지 안전성 있게 처리할 수 있을 것으로 예측된다. 각 항목별 평균 처리효율은 유출수에서 SS 88.09%, BOD 88.12%, $COD_{Cr}$ 83.11%, $COD_{Mn}$ 85.58%, T-N 57.21%, $NH_4{^+}$-N 80.17%, T-P 86.73%를 보였다. $NO_3{^-}$-N의 농도는 수직 흐름 인공습지 유출수에서 보다 수평 흐름 인공습지 유출수에서 감소하였다. 유출수 중 T-N의 반 이상이 $NO_3{^-}$-N(7.92 mg/L)으로 잔존하였으며 $NO_2{^-}$-N은 평균 0.90mg/L이었다. T-P의 처리효율은 굴 껍질의 충진 층 높이가 800 mm에서 93.24%, 500 mm에서 86.30% 그리고 200 mm에서 55.44%로 굴 껍질 충진층의 높이에 비례하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, MA and Rubin, AJ (1981). Adsorption of Inorganic at Solid-liquid Interfaces. Ann Arbor Science.
  2. APHA, AWWA and WPCF (1989). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th ed., American Public Health Association, DC.
  3. Bahlo, K (1997). Reinigungsleistung und Bemessung von Vertkal Durchstroemten Bodenfiltern mit Abwasserrezirkulation, Ph.D. Dissertation, Fachbereich Bauingenieurund Vermessungswesen der Universitaet Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
  4. Brix, H, Aries, CA and del Bubba, M (2001). Media selection for sustainable phosphorus removal in subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Water, Science and Technology, 44(11-12), pp. 47-54.
  5. Brix, H, Arias, CA and Hohansen, NH (2002). BOD and nitrogen removal in an experimental two-stage constructed wetland system: nitrification capacity and effects of recycling on nitrogen removal, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference for Water Pollution Control, Arusha, Tanzania, 16-19 September, pp. 400-410.
  6. Chung, DY (2002). Development of an Environmentally Friendly Sewage Treatment Model with Water Plant and Sand for Small Communities (Final report), Korean Ministry of Environment. [Korean Literature]
  7. Clark, T, Stephenson, T, and Pearce, PA (1997). Phosphorus removal by chemical precipitation in a biological aerated filter, Water Research, 31(10), pp. 2257-2563.
  8. Cooper, P (1999). A review of the design and performance of vertical-flow and hybrid reed bed treatment systems, Water Science and Technology, 40(3), pp. 1-9.
  9. Cyrus, JS and Reddy, GB (2011). Sorption and desorption of ammonium by zeolite: batch and column studies, J. of Environmental Science and Health, part A 46, pp. 408-414. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2010.542398
  10. Dongwha Technology (1999). Korea Standard Methods for the Examination of Waste and Wastewater. [Korean Literature]
  11. Fehr, G and Schette, H (1990). Leistungsfaehigkeit intermittirend beschickter, bepflanzter Bodenfilter, In: Institut fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwasserbeseitigung und Raumplanung der Technischen Hochschule Darmastadt, 21 Wassertechnische Seminar, Pflanzenklaeranlagen - Besser Als Ihr Ruf ?, pp. 197-225.
  12. Gesellschaft zur Foederung der Abwassertechnik e. V. (1989). ATV-Regelwerk Abwassrer-Abfall, Behandlung von Haeuslichem Abwasser in Pflanzenbeeten, ATV-Hinweisblatt H 262.
  13. Hegemann, W. (1992). Abwasserentsorgung im duenn besiedelten Flaechenland Brandenburg, Arch. fuer Nat.-Land 00: 1-12.
  14. Hegemann, W (1996). Neue Entwicklung in der Klaertechnik-Hightech und/oder Einfachtechnik, TU International, Nr. 34/35, pp. 18-20.
  15. Huang, J, Cai, W, Zhong, Q and Wang, S (2013). Influence of temperature on micro-environment, plant eco-physiology and nitrogen removal effect in subsurface flow constructed wetland, Ecological Engineering, 60, pp. 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.023
  16. Kim, HJ (1997). Small scale wastewater treatment in rural areas using natural systems, Ph.D. Dissertation, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Korea. [Korean Literature]
  17. Kim, Y, Kim, DS, Jang, SB and Park, SY (1996). Studies on the removal of metal ions with domestic Pohang zeolite and synthetic zeolite, J. of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers, 18(5), pp. 587-589. [Korean Literature]
  18. Kraft, H (1987). Pflanzenklaernlagen aus Oekologischer Sicht, ATV-Fort- bildungskurs E/5, 18-20. 3. 1987 in Fulda, Abwsserbeseitung in Laendlichem Raum.
  19. Lee, MY (1990). Biosorption of lead using crab shell, Master's Thesis. Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea. [Korean Literature]
  20. Li, H, Li, Y, Gong, Z and Li, X (2013). Performance study of vertical flow constructed wetlands for phosphorus removal with water quenched slag as a substrate, Ecological Engineering, 53, pp. 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.01.011
  21. Liu, LX, Zhao, N, Shen, Z, Wang, M, Guo, Y and Xu, Y (2013). Effect of aeration modes and influent COD/N ratios on the nitrogen removal performance of vertical flow constructed wetland, Ecological Engineering, 57, pp. 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.04.019
  22. Platzer, C (1997). Entwicklung eines Bemessungsansatzes zur Stickstoffelimination in Pflanzenklaeranlagen, Berichte zur Siedlungswasserwirtschaft Nr. 6, Ph.D. Dissertation, Technical University Berlin, Germany.
  23. Platzer, C (1999). Design recommendation for subsurface flow constructed wetlands for nitrification and denitrification, Water Science and Technology, 40(3), pp. 257-263.
  24. Reddy, GB, Forbes, DA, Phillips, R, Cyrus, JS and Porter, J (2013). Demonstration of technology to treat swine waste using geotextile bag, zeolite bed and constructed wetland, Ecological Engineering, 57, pp. 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.04.046
  25. Seo, JY (2002). Treatment of artificial sewage using zeolite column, Korean J. of Environmental Agriculture, 21(3), pp. 178-188. [Korean Literature] https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2002.21.3.178
  26. Seo, JY (2007). Vertical flow zeolite-filled reed bed with intermittent feeding for sewage treatment, Korean J. of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 22(2): 102-108. [Korean Literature]
  27. Seo, JY and Kim, EH (2006). Horizontal flow zeolite-filled reed bed with intermittent feeding for sewage treatment, Korean J. of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 21(1), pp. 102-108. [Korean Literature]
  28. Verhoeven, JTA and Meuleman, AFM (1999). Wetlands for wastewater treatment: opportunities and limitations, Ecological Engineering, 12(1), pp. 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(98)00050-0
  29. Vymazal, J (2002). The use of sub-surface constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in the Czech Republic: 10 years experience, Ecological Engineering, 18(5), pp. 633-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00025-3
  30. Wang, Z, Dong, J, Liu, L, Zhu, G and Liu, C (2013). Screening of phosphorus-removing substrates for use in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater, Ecological Engineering, 54, pp. 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.01.017
  31. Wissing, F (1995). Wasserreinigung mit Pflanzen, E. U. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, Gremany.
  32. Xie, SG, Zhang, XJ and Wang, ZS (2003). Temperature effect on aerobic denitrification and nitrification, J. of Environmental Sciences, 15(5), pp. 669-673.
  33. Yoo, SU (1997). Advanced Treatment Technology of Wastewater, Process Development for Simultaneous Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorous Using Natural Zeolite, Institute of Construction Part of Samsung C&T Corporatrion, Korean Ministry of Environment. [Korean literature]
  34. Zoltek, JJ (1974). Phosphorus removal by ortho-phosphate nucleation, J. of Water Pollution Control Federation, 46(11), pp. 2498-2520.