Enacting enactivism: Concerning the translation problem

Enactivism을 Enact하기: 번역의 문제를 중심으로

  • Bae, Moon-Jung (Woosuk University, Department of Counseling Psychology)
  • 배문정 (우석대학교 상담심리학과)
  • Received : 2014.12.09
  • Accepted : 2014.12.15
  • Published : 2014.12.30

Abstract

Enactivism is the most influential and groundbreaking approach among the various theories of embodied cognition. Despite of it's impact and relatively long history, however, Enactivism is still considered as a new and unfamiliar theory in the Korean academic society. Even though this might be partly due to the genuine depth and dramatic approach of Enactivism, it is also due to the disagreement of Korean translation of Enactivism. This paper reviews the philosophical and theoretical implications of Enactivism in the context of history and conceptual terrain, and discusses how the various tranlated Korean words of 'Enaction' - '발제(發製)' '구성(構成)', or '행위화(行爲化)'- embraced and interpreted the essence of philosophy and concept of 'Enaction' and 'Enactivism'. Furthermore, we offer several alternatives Korean translations of 'Enaction': '실행(實行)', 수행(遂行/修行), or 작동(作動). Through this discussion, we hope to provide an opportunity for Korean researchers and philosophers to direct their attention to Enactivism properly and to make a common ground for further development of Enactivism in Korea.

Enactivism은 체화된 인지의 여러 논의들 중 가장 전복적이고 영향력 있는 접근이다. 하지만 태동한 지 20여년의 세월이 흘렀고, 그 포괄 범위와 성과에서 명실상부 하나의 패러다임으로 자리 잡은 지금까지, 이 이론이 국내 인지과학자들 사이에서는 여전히 낯설고 새로운 접근으로 받아들여지는 것은 안타까운 일이다. 이러한 현실은 부분적으로는 Enactivism이 지니는 본래의 파격이나 심오함 때문이기도 하겠지만, 번역어의 혼란 또한 크게 한 몫을 한 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 논문은 Enactivism의 철학적, 이론적 관점을 그 역사적 맥락과 개념적 지형을 중심으로 살펴보고, '발제(發製)' '구성(構成)', '행위화(行爲化)' 등의 한국어 번역들이 그 철학적, 이론적 함축을 어떻게 포착하고 해석하고 있는지를 살펴본다. 나아가 이미 출간된 번역어 외에 '실행(實行)'과 수행(遂行/修行), 작동(作動)의 다른 번역어들을 검토한다. 이러한 시도는 철학적 난해함이나 번역어의 생소함이 야기한 심리적 장벽을 넘어, Enactivism이 국내 인지과학자들 사이에서 합당하게 주목 받는 계기를 마련하기 위해서이며, 더불어 마음에 대한 서구적 전통과 동양적 전통을 통합적으로 조망하고 실천하고자 했던 바렐라(1946-2001)의 노력이 한국의 철학 전통 안에서 풍성한 결실을 얻기를 바라는 마음에서이다.

Keywords

References

  1. 김향선 (2000). 하이데거의 기술, 대동철학, 11집, 63-92.
  2. 마뚜라나, 바렐라 (2007).앎의 나무, 최호영 역. 갈무리.
  3. 바렐라 (2009). 윤리적 노하우, 유권종, 박충식 편역. 갈무리.
  4. 바렐라, 톰슨, 로쉬 (1997). 인지과학의 철학적 이해, 석봉래 역, 옥토. (원전1991).
  5. 바렐라, 톰슨, 로쉬 (2013). 몸의 인지과학, 석봉래 역, 이인식 해제, 김영사. (원전 1991).
  6. 박충식 (2004). 구성적 인공지능, 인지과학, 제 15권 4호, pp. 61-66.
  7. 박충식 (2009). 바렐라의 '윤리적 노하우',윤리적 노하우 (역자 해제), 갈무리.
  8. 박충식, 유권종 (2004). 새로운 도덕 심성 모델: 퇴계학, 구성주의, 인공지능, 한국철학자대회 논문집.
  9. 베르그손 (2005). 물질과 기억, 박종원 역, 아카넷. (원전 1896).
  10. 벤야민 (1983). 발터 벤야민의 문예이론, 반성환 편역, 민음사.
  11. 야나부 아키라 (2011). 번역어의 성립, 김옥희 역, 마음산책. (원전 1982).
  12. 양일모 (2011). 번역문화로 본 일본의 근대,번역어의 성립해설, 마음산책.
  13. 윤성우, 이향 (2013). 번역학과 번역철학, HUEBOOKs.
  14. 이정모 (2009). 인지과학: 학문간 융합의 원리와 응용, 성균관대학교 출판부.
  15. 폴라니 (2009). 거대한 전환: 우리 시대의 정치 경제적 기원, 홍기빈 역, 길. (원전 1909).
  16. Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind, Ballantine Books.
  17. Ben-Zeeve, A. (1995). "Explaining Cognitive Progress," In R. F. Goodman and W. R. Fisher (Eds.), Rethinking Knowledge: Reflections across the Disciplines, Albany: SUNY, 41-56.
  18. Bishop J. M. and Nasuto S. J. (2005) "Second-order cybernetics and enactive perception". Kybernetes 34(9/10): 1309-1320. https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920510614696
  19. Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a theory of instruction, Cambridge, Mass.: Belkapp Press
  20. Bruner, J. S. (1991). "The Narrative Construction of Reality". Critical Inquiry, 18:1, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1086/448619
  21. Clark, A., and Toribio, J. (1994). "Doing without representing". Synthese 101, 401-31. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01063896
  22. Davis, J. I., and Markman, A. (2012). "Embodied Cognition as a Practical Paradigm: Introduction to the Topic, The Future of Embodied Cognition". Topics in Cognitive Science, 4(4), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01227.x
  23. De Jaegher, H., and Di Paolo, E. A. (2007). "Participatory sense-making: An enactive approach to social cognition". Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences, 6(4), 485-507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-007-9076-9
  24. Di Paolo E. and Thompson E. (2014). "The Enactive Approach," in Lawrence Shapiro, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Embodied Cognition. Routledge Press.
  25. Di Paolo, E. A., Rohde, M. and De Jaegher, H., (2010). "Horizons for the Enactive Mind: Values, Social Interaction, and Play." In J. Stewart, O. Gapenne and E. A. Di Paolo (eds), Enaction: Towards a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp.33-87.
  26. Fodor, J. A. (1975). The Language of Thought, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  27. Gibson, J. J. (1979). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  28. Glasersfeld, E. von. (1995). Radical Constructivism: A Way of Knowing and Learning. London and Washington: Falmer Press.
  29. Hayles, N. K. (1999). How we became posthuman: Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature, and informatics, The University of Chicago Press.
  30. Hurley, S. (1998). Consciousness in Action. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  31. Hurley, S. (2008) "The Shared Circuits Model: How Control, Mirroring and Simulation Can Enable Imitation, Deliberation, and Mindreading", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 1 -58.
  32. Hutchins, E. (1995) Cognition in the Wild. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
  33. Johnson, M. (1987). The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  34. Juarero, A. (1999). Dynamics in Action, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  35. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  36. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M. (1999). Philosophy in the Flesh: the Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.
  37. Liberman, A. M., Cooper, F. S., Shankweiler, D. P., and Studdert-Kennedy, M. (1967). "Perception of the speech code". Psychological review 74(6): 431-461. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0020279
  38. Liberman, A. M., Harris, K. S., Hoffman, H. S., and Griffith, B. C. (1957). "The discrimination of speech sounds within and across phoneme boundaries". Journal of experimental psychology 54(5): 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044417
  39. Luhman, N. (1995). Social systems. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  40. Lutz A. and Thompson E. (2003), "Neurophenomenology: Integrating Subjective Experience and Brain Dynamics in the Neuroscience of Consciousness," Journal of Consciousness Studies 10: 31-52.
  41. Maturana H. and Varela, F. (1980) Autopoiesis and cognition: The realization of the living.
  42. Maturana, H. and Varela, F. (1992). The Tree of Knowledge: The biological roots of human understanding. (revised edition) Boston & London: Shamabala.
  43. McMullin, B. and Varela, F. (1997). Rediscovering computational autopoiesis. Santa Fe Institute.
  44. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962) Phenomenology of perception. Trans. Colin Smith. London: Rouledge & Kegan Paul. (first published in French in 1945).
  45. Merleau-Ponty, M. (1963) The Structure of Behavior, trans. A. Fisher. Pittsburgh, PA: Dusequesne University Press. (first published in French in 1942).
  46. Noe, A. (2004). Action in Perception. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  47. O'Regan, K. and A. Noe. (2001) "A Sensorimotor Account of Vision and Visual Consciousness," Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24: 939-1031. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X01000115
  48. Petitot, J., Varela, F., Pachoud, B. and Roy, J. M. (1999). Naturalizing Phenomenology: Contemporary Issues in Phenomenology and Cognitive Science, Stanford University Press, 1999.
  49. Piaget, J. (1936). Origins of intelligence in the child. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  50. Proulx, J. (2008) "Some Differences between Maturana and Varela's Theory of Cognition and Constructivism", Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education, 5(1): 11-26.
  51. Reid, D. A. (2011). "Enaction: An Incomplete Paradigm for Consciousness Science", Review of "Enaction: Toward a New Paradigm for Cognitive Science" Edited by John Stewart, Olivier Gapenne and Ezequiel A. Di Paolo. Constructivist Foundations 7(1): 81-83.
  52. Rohde, M. (2010). Enaction, Embodiment, Evolutionary Robotics: Simulation Models for a Post-Cognitivist Science of Mind. Atlantis Press.
  53. Rorty, R. (1979) Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  54. Shannon, E. C. (1948). "A Mathematical Theory of Communication", Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp.379-423, 623-656. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
  55. Shapiro, L. (2011) Embodied Cognition. New York: Routledge.
  56. Thompson E. and Stapleton M. (2009). "Making Sense of Sense-Making: Reflections on Enactive and Extended Mind Theories," Topoi 28: 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11245-008-9043-2
  57. Thompson E. and Varela F. J. (2001). "Radical Embodiment: Neural Dynamics and Consciousness," Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5(10): 418-425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01750-2
  58. Turvey, M. T. (1992). "Affordances and prospective control: An outline of the ontology", Ecological Psychology, 4(3): 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326969eco0403_3
  59. Uexkull, J. von (1934). "A stroll through the worlds of animals and men", In C. H. Schiller (Ed.), Instinctive behavior: The development of modern concept: 5-80. New York: International Universities Press.
  60. Varela F. (1979). Principles of Biological Autonomy. New York: Elsevier /North-Holland.
  61. Varela, F. (1987). "Laying down a path in walking", In W. Thompson (Ed.), Gaia: A way of knowing. (pp.48-64). Hudson, NY: Lindisfarne Press.
  62. Varela, F. (1997). "The Naturalization of Phenomenology as the Transcendence of Nature: searching for generative mutual constraints", Alter: Revue de Phenomenologie 5:355-385.
  63. Varela, F. (1999). Ethical Know-How, Stanford University Press.
  64. Varela, F. and Poerken, B. (2006). "Truth is what works: Francisco J. Varela on cognitive science, buddhism, the inseparability of subject and object, and the exaggerations of constructivism-a conversation", Journal of Aesthetic Education 40(1): 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1353/jae.2006.0012
  65. Varela, F. and Shear, J. (1999). The View from Within: First-Person Methodologies, Imprint Academic, London.
  66. Varela, F. J. (1996). "The Early Days of Autopoiesis: Heinz and Chile", Systems Research 13(3), 407-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1735(199609)13:3<407::AID-SRES100>3.0.CO;2-1
  67. Varela, F., Thompson, E., and Rosch, E. (1991). The embodied mind: Cognitive science and human experience. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  68. Wittgenstein, L. (1958). Philosophical investigations. (G. E. M. Anscombe, Trans.). Oxford: Basil Blackwell.