Korean Journal of Cognitive Science (인지과학)

The Korean Society for Cognitive Science (한국인지과학회)
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The influence of in-group favoritism on 5 to 6-year-olds' resource-allocation decisions

5-6세 아동의 분배 결정에 내집단 선호가 미치는 영향

  • Received : 2015.05.29
  • Accepted : 2015.06.25
  • Published : 2015.06.30
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Abstract

The current study investigated whether in-group bias affects 5- to 6-year-old children's resource-allocation decisions. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to allocate 10 stickers between a friend (an in-group member) and a stranger (an out-group member). Children allocated significantly more stickers to friends than to strangers, suggesting that they made distributive decisions in favor of their in-group members, when they were not the beneficiary of a resource-allocation. In Experiment 2, we examined whether being one of the recipients in the resource-allocation game would affect children's decisions. The procedure was identical to that of Experiment 1 except that participants were asked to allocate stickers between themselves and a friend or a stranger. The children showed selfish distributions regardless of recipients. These results indicate that when children become one of the recipients in a resource-allocation, their self-interests override their preference for in-group members.

본 연구에서는 만 5-6세 아동들의 타인-타인 또는 자신-타인 간 자원 분배 결정에 수혜자의 소속집단(내집단 대 외집단)이 영향을 미치는지를 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 아동이 자원 분배의 수혜자가 되지 않고 친구(내집단)와 낯선 아동(외집단)에게 스티커를 나누어주는 분배자의 역할만을 수행한 게임을 진행하였다. 이 때 아동은 낯선 아동보다 친구에게 더 많은 스티커를 나누어주었고, 이는 아동 자신이 분배의 이해 당사자가 아닌 경우에는 내집단에게 더 호의적으로 분배를 한다는 것을 보여주었다. 실험 2에서 아동은 상대방이 친구 혹은 낯선 아동인 상황에서 자기 자신과 상대방에게 스티커 10개를 분배하는 게임에 참여하였다. 이러한 자기-타인 분배 상황에서 아동들은 상대방이 내집단 또는 외집단 구성원인지에 관계없이 이기적인 분배를 하는 양상을 보였다. 이는 자기 자신이 자원 분배의 당사자가 되었을 경우에는 내집단을 선호하는 경향성을 나타내지 않았음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 기존 성인 연구에서 관찰되어온 자원 분배 행동에서의 내집단 편향의 발달 과정에 대한 추가 자료를 제공한다.

Keywords

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