Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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Study on the effective response method to reduce combustible metal fire

금속화재 위험감소 방안에 관한 이론적 연구

  • Nam, Ki-Hun (Department of Fire & Disaster Prevention Engineering, Changshin University) ;
  • Lee, Jun-Sik (Department of Aeronautical & Mechanical Engineering, Changshin University)
  • 남기훈 (창신대학교 소방방재공학과) ;
  • 이준식 (창신대학교 항공기계공학과)
  • Received : 2018.08.31
  • Accepted : 2018.12.07
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

A class D fire or combustible metal fire is characterized by the presence of burning metals. Only certain metals or metal compounds are flammable, including sodium and lithium. General fire extinguishing agents, such as dry chemical powder, water-based fire extinguish agents, and carbon dioxide, cannot be used in class D fires. This is because these agents cause adverse reactions or are ineffective. In addition, the amount of usage of combustible metals is increasing due to continuous development of the semiconductor and fuel cell industries. Despite this, Korea does not have standards and laws related to combustible metal fires. This paper suggests directions of the class D fire management policies to reduce the class D fire risk and impact by analyzing the standards and laws related to class D fires and combustible metal fire cases. The factors to make laws on class D fire prevention and response systems, and management system of dry sand were determined. These results may be used to help reduce the risk of class D fires and improve the response abilities.

금속화재는 나트륨(Na), 리튬(Li) 등과 같은 가연성 금속이 연소하는 화재이다. 일반적인 물계, 가스계 소화약제에는 적응성이 없으며 금속화재용 소화약제 또는 건조사로 화재를 진화할 수 있다. 위험물안전관리법상 가연성 금속에 속하는 2류 및 3류 위험물 화재가 최근 5년간 104건이 발생했으며, 가연성 금속을 사용하는 연료전지, 반도체 산업의 발전으로 화재 건수는 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 하지만 국내에는 금속화재와 관련된 법적 기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 금속화재용 소화약제 및 소화기 개발은 물론 화재 예방 및 대응 시스템 구축이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 금속화재의 위험성을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련하기 위해 국내외 관련 법령 분석 및 금속화재 사례 11건을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 금속화재의 위험성을 감소를 위해 관련 법령 마련에 필요한 요소를 도출하였으며 금속화재 발생 시 소화약제로 사용되고 있는 건조사의 관리 및 지원방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 금속화재의 예방 및 대응에 필요한 안전교육 및 시설 관리 방안을 제시하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. The scene of magnesium fire in Miryang city[2]

Table 1. Water reactive material fires

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Table 2. Classification of fires

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Table 3. Classification of combustible metals

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Table 4. Class D fire extinguish agents(NFPA 484)

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Table 5. Combustible metals in Act on the safety control of hazardous substance

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Table 6. Water reactive materials and Fire extinguish agents of KOSHA Guide G-77

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Table 7. Standard of Class D fire

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Table 8. Class D fire cases in Gim-hae city

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