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The Self-efficacy of North Korean defectors The Influence of the Adaptation to Social and Cultural Adjustment in South Korea: A Study on the Moderating Effect of Economic Adaptation

북한이탈주민의 자기효능감이 남한사회문화적응에 미치는 영향: 경제적 적응의 조절효과를 중심으로

  • Kim, Myoung-Sun (Department of Social Welfare, Open Cyber University of Korea)
  • 김명선 (한국열린사이버대학교 사회복지학과)
  • Received : 2018.12.07
  • Accepted : 2019.03.08
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

In this study, we examined how the self-efficacies of North Korean defectors affect their adaptation to South Korean social culture. To this end, 209 North Korean defectors living in Seoul, Incheon, Wonju, or Ansan were surveyed. The results obtained showed shorter residence in South Korea and age were associated with greater fear of South Korean society and awareness of language and cultural differences. On the other hand, age and duration of residence were not found to affect relations between social adaptation and perceptions of low social status, discrimination, or prejudice by defectors, which suggests defectors often live in South Korea for a considerable time without overcoming perceptions of discrimination or prejudice. The factor that most influenced adaptation to social culture was self-efficacy, which affected not only socio-cultural adaptation but also self-sufficiency and the ability to promote oneself, which is essential for economic adaptation in South Korean society.

본 연구는 북한이탈주민의 자기효능감이 그들의 남한사회문화적응에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 인천, 서울, 안산, 원주에 거주하는 북한이탈주민 209명을 대상으로 설문조사하였다. 연구결과 북한이탈주민은 남한사회에서 거주기간이 길어질수록, 연령이 낮아질수록 남한사회에 대한 언어나 문화적인 측면에서 이질감이 낮게 나타났다. 반면, 나이나 거주기간이 탈북이주민의 낮은 사회적 지위에 대한 지각, 차별감 및 편견을 극복하는데 사회적응에 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 북한이탈주민은 남한에 오랜 기간 거주해도 그들에 대한 차별감이나 편견을 극복하지 못하며 대부분 살아가고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 북한이탈주민이 남한사회에서 사회문화적응에 가장 높은 영향을 미치는 요인은 개인의 내적요인인 자기효능감임이 밝혀졌다. 이 자기효능감은 남한사회에서 사회문화적응뿐만 아니라 경제적 적응을 하기 위해 필요한 자신의 능력과 업무에 대한 유능감에 영향을 주어 그들이 사회현장에서 자신감을 가지고 생활하게 하며 이밖에 외부의 다양한 스트레스를 극복해 가면서 나아갈 수 있도록 작용하고 있음이 검증되었다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. framework of analysis

Table 1. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Self-Efficacy Factors

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Table 2. Exploratory Factor Analysis of Economic Adaptation Factors

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Table 3. The Analysis of Exploratory Factors on the Adaptation of South Korea

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Table 4. Reliability Analysis of Variables

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Table 5. Cultural Adaptation/According to the South Korean Nationality Social Adaptation/Job Satisfaction/Economic Incom Difference

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Table 6. Cultural Adaptations/Age Social Adaptation/ Job Satisfaction/ Economic Income Difference

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Table 7. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Cultural Adaptation

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Table 8. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Social Adjustment

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Table 9. The Effect of Economic Adaptation on Cultural Adaptation

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Table 10. The Effect of Economic Adaptation on Social Adjustment

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Table 11. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Cultural Adaptation The Validation of the Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction

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Table 12. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Cultural Adaptation A Study on the Moderating Effect of Economic Income

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Table 14. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Social Adjustment A Study on the Moderating Effect of Economic Income

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Table 13. The Effect of Self-Efficacy on Social Adjustment The Validation of the Moderating Effect of Job Satisfaction

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Table 15. Comprehensive Hypothesis

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