Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
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Economic Efficiency of the BAT Standards in a Multi-pollutant Environment

다오염물질 상황에서의 최적가용기법 기준의 경제적 효율성에 관한 연구

  • Received : 2019.01.03
  • Accepted : 2019.04.01
  • Published : 2019.04.30
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Abstract

Korea has passed the Act on the Integrated Control of Pollutant-Discharging Facilities in 2015, and the integrated environmental management under the BAT standard is underway. To summarize the nature of integrated environmental management, it is the regulation by the integration of the management of the multi-pollutant source and the technical standard of BATs. In general, in environmental economics, regulation-based on technical standards are known to be inefficient. This paper attempts to evaluate the efficiency of BAT standards from an economic point of view. A simple multi-pollutant model demonstrates that the inefficiency of the environmental tax with imperfect information in a single pollutant situation is amplified under multi-pollutant conditions. The simultaneous introduction of BAT and IPPC can be partially explained by this logic. It is also highlighted by the strengthening of BAT standards by EU, as a countermeasure to the potential deterioration of air quality caused by the change of effective environmental taxes accompanying the fuel and emission price changes.

우리나라는 2015년 환경오염시설의 통합관리에 관한 법률을 통과시켜서 BAT 기준서에 의한 통합환경관리가 실시중이다. 통합환경관리의 성격을 요약하면 다오염물질 배출원에 대한 관리의 통합화와 BAT 로 대변되는 기술적 기준에 의한 규제이다. 일반적으로 경제학에서는 기술기준에 의한 규제는 정태적 동태적 비효율성을 가져오는 것으로서 회피하여야 할 정책수단으로 알려져 있다. 통합환경관리제도는 BAT규제를 바탕으로 운용되는데 이에 대한 경제적 효율성 역시 심각한 의문의 대상이 될 수 있다. 본 논문은 BAT 기준의 효율성을 경제학적 관점에서 평가하고자 시도한다. 간단한 다오염물질 모형을 통하여 BAT 규제의 경제적 효율성을 분석하여 본 결과 단일오염물질상황에서도 정보의 불완전성으로 인하여 약하게 존재하던 환경세의 BAT 대비 비효율성이 다오염물질 상황하에서는 더욱 커짐을 보여주었다. 다오염물질관리체계로서 IPPC와 BAT가 한 묶음으로 추진되고 실행되어온 이유가 이러한 사실에 의하여 부분적으로 설명된다. EU에서 석탄 상대가격의 하락으로 대기오염물질의 배출 증대가 우려되는 상황에서 BAT 기준의 강화로 대처한 것이 가격구조와 실효적 환경세의 변동으로 인한 환경적 후생손실을 BAT 규제 등으로 대처한 사례 중의 하나로 볼 수 있다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. Efficiency of Environmental Tax over BAT standards with multiple pollution sources.

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Figure 2. The First-Best Situation.

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Figure 3. Social Welfare of BAT and Environmental Tax under Multi-pollutant Environment.

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Figure 4. Welfare Improvement by BAT with the EUA Price Fall.

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