DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of Injection capabilities of a biopolymer-based grout material

  • Lee, Minhyeong (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Im, Jooyoung (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Chang, Ilhan (Department of Civil Systems Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Cho, Gye-Chun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
  • 투고 : 2021.01.11
  • 심사 : 2021.02.19
  • 발행 : 2021.04.10

초록

Injection grouting is one of the most common ground improvement practice to increase the strength and reduce the hydraulic conductivity of soils. Owing to the environmental concerns of conventional grout materials, such as cement-based or silicate-based materials, bio-inspired biogeotechnical approaches are considered to be new sustainable and environmentally friendly ground improvement methods. Biopolymers, which are excretory products from living organisms, have been shown to significantly reduce the hydraulic conductivity via pore-clogging and increase the strength of soils. To study the practical application of biopolymers for seepage and ground water control, in this study, we explored the injection capabilities of biopolymer-based grout materials in both linear aperture and particulate media (i.e., sand and glassbeads) considering different injection pressures, biopolymer concentrations, and flow channel geometries. The hydraulic conductivity control of a biopolymer-based grout material was evaluated after injection into sandy soil under confined boundary conditions. The results showed that the performance of xanthan gum injection was mainly affected by the injection pressure and pore geometry (e.g., porosity) inside the soil. Additionally, with an increase in the xanthan gum concentration, the injection efficiency diminished while the hydraulic conductivity reduction efficiency enhanced significantly. The results of this study provide the potential capabilities of injection grouting to be performed with biopolymer-based materials for field application.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akbulut, S. and Saglamer, A. (2002), "Estimating the groutability of granular soils: A new approach", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 17(4), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(02)00040-8.
  2. ASTM (2019), D2434-19 Standard Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils (Constant Head), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
  3. Bell, F. (1993), Engineering Treatment of Soils, CRC Press, Florida, U.S.A.
  4. Benhelal, E., Zahedi, G., Shamsaei, E. and Bahadori, A. (2013), "Global strategies and potentials to curb CO2 emissions in cement industry", J. Clean. Prod., 51 142-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.049.
  5. Bouazza, A., Gates, W. and Ranjith, P. (2009), "Hydraulic conductivity of biopolymer-treated silty sand", Geotechnique. 59(1), 71-72. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00137.
  6. Burwell, E. (1958), "Cement and clay grouting of foundations: Practice of the corps of engineers", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div. 84(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0000099.
  7. Cabalar, A.F., Wiszniewski, M. and Skutnik, Z. (2017), "Effects of xanthan gum biopolymer on the permeability, odometer, unconfined compressive and triaxial shear behavior of a sand", Soil Mech. Found. Eng., 54(5), 356-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11204-017-9481-1.
  8. Casas, J.A., Santos, V.E. and Garcia-Ochoa, F. (2000), "Xanthan gum production under several operational conditions: Molecular structure and rheological properties", Enzyme Microb. Tech., 26(2-4), 282-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(99)00160-X.
  9. Chang, I. and Cho, G.C. (2012), "Strengthening of Korean residual soil with β-1,3/1,6-glucan biopolymer", Constr. Build. Mater., 30, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.030.
  10. Chang, I., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2016), "Geotechnical engineering behaviors of gellan gum biopolymer treated sand", Can. Geotech. J., 53(10), 1658-1670. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0475.
  11. Chang, I., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2016), "Introduction of microbial biopolymers in soil treatment for future environmentally-friendly and sustainable geotechnical engineering", Sustainability, 8(3), 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030251.
  12. Chang, I., Im, J., Prasidhi, A.K. and Cho, G.C. (2015), "Effects of xanthan gum biopolymer on soil strengthening", Constr. Build. Mater., 74, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.10.026.
  13. Chang, I., Lee, M. and Cho, G.C. (2019), "Global CO2 emission-related geotechnical engineering hazards and the mission for sustainable geotechnical engineering", Energies. 12(13), 2567. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12132567.
  14. Chang, I., Lee, M., Tran, A.T.P., Lee, S., Kwon, Y.M., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2020), "Review on biopolymer-based soil treatment (BPST) technology in geotechnical engineering practices", Transport. Geotech., 24, 100385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2020.100385
  15. Chang, I., Prasidhi, A.K., Im, J. and Cho, G.C. (2015), "Soil strengthening using thermo-gelation biopolymers", Constr. Build. Mater., 77, 430-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.12.116.
  16. Chang, I., Prasidhi, A.K., Im, J., Shin, H.D. and Cho, G.C. (2015), "Soil treatment using microbial biopolymers for anti-desertification purposes", Geoderma, 253-254, 39-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.006.
  17. Choi, S.G., Chang, I., Lee, M., Lee, J.H., Han, J.T. and Kwon, T.H. (2020), "Review on geotechnical engineering properties of sands treated by microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) and biopolymers", Constr. Build. Mater., 246, 118415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118415.
  18. DeJong, J.T., Mortensen, B.M., Martinez, B.C. and Nelson, D.C. (2010), "Bio-mediated soil improvement", Ecol. Eng., 36(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.12.029.
  19. Eklund, D. and Stille, H. (2008), "Penetrability due to filtration tendency of cement-based grouts", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Tech., 23(4), 389-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.06.011.
  20. Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V.E., Casas, J.A. and Gomez, E. (2000), "Xanthan gum: production, recovery, and properties", Biotechnol. Adv., 18(7), 549-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(00)00050-1.
  21. Gupta, S. and Larson, W. (1979), "A model for predicting packing density of soils using particle‐size distribution", Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 43(4), 758-764. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300040028x.
  22. Ham, S.M., Chang, I., Noh, D.H., Kwon, T.H. and Muhunthan, B. (2018), "Improvement of surface erosion resistance of sand by microbial biopolymer formation", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 144(7), 06018004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001900.
  23. Jeon, M.K., Kwon, T.H., Park, J.S. and Shin, J.H. (2017), "In situ viscoelastic properties of insoluble and porous polysaccharide biopolymer dextran produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides using particle-tracking microrheology", Geomech. Eng., 12(5), 849-862. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.849.
  24. Jin, H., Ryu, B. and Lee, J. (2016), "Development and assessment of laboratory testing apparatus on grouting injection performance", J. Kor. Geoenviron. Soc., 17(10), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.14481/jkges.2016.17.10.23.
  25. Kim, Y.M., Park, T. and Kwon, T.H. (2019), "Engineered bioclogging in coarse sands by using fermentation-based bacterial biopolymer formation", Geomech. Eng., 17(5), 485-496. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.5.485.
  26. Ko, D. and Kang, J. (2018), "Experimental studies on the stability assessment of a levee using reinforced soil based on a biopolymer", Water, 10(8), 1059. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081059.
  27. Kumar, S. (2010), "A study on the engineering behaviour of grouted loose sandy soils", Ph.D. Dissertation, Cochin University of Science, Kochi, India
  28. Kwon, Y.M., Ham, S.M., Kwon, T.H., Cho, G.C. and Chang, I. (2020), "Surface-erosion behaviour of biopolymer-treated soils assessed by EFA", Geotechnique Lett., 10(2), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.19.00106.
  29. Larson, S., Ballard, J., Griggs, C., Newman, J.K. and Nestler, C. (2010). "An innovative non-ptroleum Rhizobium Tropici biopolymer salt for soil stabilization", Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Vancouver, Canada.
  30. Lee, J., Frost, D., Lee, J. and Dremin, A. (1995), "Propagation of nitromethane detonations in porous media", Shock Waves, 5(1-2), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02425043.
  31. Lee, M., Im, J., Cho, G.C., Ryu, H.H. and Chang, I. (2021), "Interfacial shearing behavior along Xanthan gum biopolymer-treated sand and solid interfaces and its meaning in geotechnical engineering aspects", Appl. Sci., 11(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010139.
  32. Lee, S., Im, J., Cho, G.C. and Chang, I. (2019), "Laboratory triaxial test behavior of xanthan gum biopolymer-treated sands", Geomech. Eng., 17(5), 445-452. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.5.445.
  33. Liu, Z. and Yao, P. (2015), "Injectable shear-thinning xanthan gum hydrogel reinforced by mussel-inspired secondary crosslinking", RSC Adv., 5(125), 103292-103301. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA17246B.
  34. Noh, D.H., Ajo-Franklin, J.B., Kwon, T.H. and Muhunthan, B. (2016), "P and S wave responses of bacterial biopolymer formation in unconsolidated porous media", J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci., 121(4), 1158-1177. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003118.
  35. Qureshi, M.U., Chang, I. and Al-Sadarani, K. (2017), "Strength and durability characteristics of biopolymer-treated desert sand", Geomech. Eng., 12(5), 785-801. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.785.
  36. Santagata, M. and Santagata, E. (2003), "Experimental investigation of factors affecting the injectability of microcement grouts", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Grouting and Ground Treatment, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A., Febrauary.
  37. Santamarina, J.C., Klein, K.A. and Fam, M.A. (2001), Soils and Waves, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, New York, U.S.A.
  38. Soldo, A., Miletic, M. and Auad, M.L. (2020), "Biopolymers as a sustainable solution for the enhancement of soil mechanical properties", Sci. Rep., 10(1), 267. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-57135-x.
  39. Sworn, G. (2021), Chapter 27 - Xanthan Fum, in Handbook of Hydrocolloids, Woodhead Publishing
  40. Tran, A.T.P. (2019), "Characterization of biopolymer-treated soils considering soil-water-hydrogel Interaction", KAIST, Daejeon, Korea.
  41. Tran, A.T.P., Chang, I. and Cho, G.C. (2019), "Soil water retention and vegetation survivabiity improvement using microbial biopolymers in drylands", Geomech. Eng., 17(5), 475-483. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.5.475.
  42. USGS (2020), Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020, U.S. Geological Survey: National Minerals Information Center, Reston, Virginia, U.S.A.
  43. Whiffin, V.S., van Paassen, L.A. and Harkes, M.P. (2007), "Microbial carbonate precipitation as a soil improvement technique", Geomicrobiol. J., 24(5), 417-423. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490450701436505.
  44. Xia, S., Zhang, L., Davletshin, A., Li, Z., You, J. and Tan, S. (2020), "Application of polysaccharide biopolymer in petroleum recovery", Polymers, 12(9), 1860. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12091860.
  45. Yoon, J. and El Mohtar, C.S. (2014), "Groutability of granular soils using bentonite grout based on filtration model", Transport. Porous Med., 102(3), 365-385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11242-014-0279-6.
  46. Zhong, L., Oostrom, M., Truex, M.J., Vermeul, V.R. and Szecsody, J.E. (2013), "Rheological behavior of xanthan gum solution related to shear thinning fluid delivery for subsurface remediation", J. Hazard. Mater., 244 160-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.028.