The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

The Korean Society of Pharmacology (대한약리학회)
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Association between metabolic syndrome components and cardiac autonomic modulation in southern Indian adults with pre-metabolic syndrome: hyperglycemia is the major contributing factor

  • Endukuru Chiranjeevi Kumar (Department of Physiology, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre) ;
  • Girwar Singh Gaur (Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)) ;
  • Dhanalakshmi Yerrabelli (Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)) ;
  • Jayaprakash Sahoo (Department of Endocrinology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)) ;
  • Balasubramaniyan Vairappan (Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) ) ;
  • Alladi Charanraj Goud (Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER))
  • Received : 2022.07.07
  • Accepted : 2022.10.13
  • Published : 2023.01.01
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Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multi-factorial conditions linked to an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Pre-metabolic syndrome (pre-MetS) possesses two MetS components but does not meet the MetS diagnostic criteria. Although cardiac autonomic derangements are evident in MetS, there is little information on their status in pre-MetS subjects. In this study, we sought to examine cardiac autonomic functions in pre-MetS and to determine which MetS component is more responsible for impaired cardiac autonomic functions. A total of 182 subjects were recruited and divided into healthy controls (n=89) and pre-MetS subjects (n=93) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed biochemical profiles on fasting blood samples to detect pre-MetS. Using standardized protocols, we evaluated anthropometric data, body composition, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), and autonomic function tests (AFTs). We further examined these parameters in pre-MetS subjects for each MetS component. Compared to healthy controls, we observed a significant cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) through reduced BRS, lower overall HRV, and altered AFT parameters in pre-MetS subjects, accompanied by markedly varied anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters. Furthermore, all examined BRS, HRV, and AFT parameters exhibited an abnormal trend and significant correlation toward hyperglycemia. This study demonstrates CAD in pre-MetS subjects with reduced BRS, lower overall HRV, and altered AFT parameters. Hyperglycemia was considered an independent determinant of alterations in all the examined BRS, HRV, and AFT parameters. Thus, hyperglycemia may contribute to CAD in pre-MetS subjects before progressing to MetS.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We are thankful to the study participants who contributed to the study.

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