A unified solution is presented for the buckling analysis of rectangular laminated composite plates with elastically restrained edges. The plate is subjected to biaxial in-plane compression, and the boundary conditions are simulated by employing uniform distribution of linear and rotational springs at all edges. The critical values of buckling loads and corresponding modes are calculated based on classical lamination theory and using the Ritz method. The deflection function is defined based on simple polynomials without any auxiliary function. The verifications of the current study are carried out with available combinations of classic boundary conditions in the literature. Through parametric study with a wide range of spring factors with some classical as well as some not classical boundary conditions, competency of the present model of boundary conditions is proved.

The bonding interface of the concrete slab track and cement-asphalt mortar layer plays an important role in transferring load and restraining the track slab's deformation for slab track structures without concrete bollards in high-speed railway. However, the interfacial bond-slip behavior is seldom considered in the structural analysis; no credible constitutive model has been presented until now. Elaborating the field tests of concrete to cement-asphalt mortar interface subjected to longitudinal and transverse shear loads, this paper revealed its bond capacity and failure characteristics. Interfacial fractures all happen on the contact surface of the concrete track slab and mortar-layer in the experiments. Aiming at this failure mechanism, an interfacial mechanical model that employed the bilinear local bond-slip law was established. Then, the interfacial shear stresses of different loading stages and the load-displacement response were derived. By ensuring that the theoretical load-displacement curve is consistent with the experiment result, an interfacial bond-slip constitutive model including its the corresponding parameters was proposed in this paper. Additionally, a finite element model was used to validate this constitutive model further. The constitutive model presented in this paper can be used to describe the real interfacial bonding effect of slab track structures with similar materials under shear loads.

In this article, the Strain Energy Density (SED) averaged over a well-defined control volume at a notch edge was applied in combination with the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC) to assess the fracture behaviors of some keyhole-notched specimens made of a High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE-PE80) material under mixed-mode loading conditions. An experimental program was performed and 54 new experimental data were totally provided. Additionally, different loading mode ratios were regarded by changing the inclination angles of the notches with respect to the applied load directions. The results obtained from the determined criteria were in good agreement with those of the experimental data.

In this paper, a comprehensive review of nanostructures that exhibit piezoelectric behavior on all mechanical, buckling, vibrational, thermal and electrical properties is presented. It is firstly explained vast application of materials with their piezoelectric property and also introduction of other properties. Initially, more application of material which have piezoelectric property is introduced. Zinc oxide (ZnO), boron nitride (BN) and gallium nitride (GaN) respectively, are more application of piezoelectric materials. The nonlocal elasticity theory and piezoelectric constitutive relations are demonstrated to evaluate problems and analyses. Three different approaches consisting of atomistic modeling, continuum modeling and nano-scale continuum modeling in the investigation atomistic simulation of piezoelectric nanostructures are explained. Focusing on piezoelectric behavior, investigation of analyses is performed on fields of surface and small scale effects, buckling, vibration and wave propagation. Different investigations are available in literature focusing on the synthesis, applications and mechanical behaviors of piezoelectric nanostructures. In the study of vibration behavior, researches are studied on fields of linear and nonlinear, longitudinal and transverse, free and forced vibrations. This paper is intended to provide an introduction of the development of the piezoelectric nanostructures. The key issue is a very good understanding of mechanical and electrical behaviors and characteristics of piezoelectric structures to employ in electromechanical systems.

The sag effect of long stay cables is one of the key factors restricting further increase in the span of cable-stayed bridges. Based on the formerly proposed concept of long stay cables lifted by an auxiliary suspension cable in cross-strait cable-stayed bridges, corresponding static approximate calculations and analytical theory based on catenary and parabolic cable configurations are established. Taking a main span 1400 m cable-stayed bridge as the research object, three typical lifting conditions and the whole process of auxiliary cable lifting are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the sag effect is effectively reduced. The support efficiency is only improved when the cables are lifted above the original cable chord. Reduction of the horizontal component force of the cable is limited. The equivalent elastic modulus and the vertical support stiffness of the lifted cables are significantly increased with increased horizontal projection length and not sensitive to the change of the lifting point position. The scheme of lifting the cable to the chord midpoint is more economical because of the less steel required for the auxiliary suspension cable, but its effect on improving the vertical support efficiency is limited. The support efficiency is better when the cable is lifted to the cable end tangential to the original cable chord, but the lifting force and the cross-sectional area of the auxiliary suspension cable are doubled. The approximate calculation results of the lifted cables are very close to the numerical analysis results, which verifies the applicability of the approximation method proposed in this study. The results of parabolic approximation calculations are approximately equal to that of catenary cable geometry. As the parabolic approximation analysis theory of lifted cables is more convenient in mathematical processing, it is feasible to use parabolic approximation analysis theory as the analytical method for the conceptual design of lifted cables of super-long span cable-stayed bridges.

Due to the high compressive and tensile strength of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), UHPC used in steel concrete composite structures provided thinner concrete layer compared to ordinary concrete. This leaded to the headed stud shear connectors embedded in UHPC had a low aspect ratio. In order to systematic investigate the effect of headed stud with low aspect ratio on the structural behaviors of steel UHPC composite structure s this paper firstly carried out a test program consisted of twelve push out specimens. The effects of stud height, aspect ratio and reinforcement bars in UHPC on the structural behaviors of headed studs were investigated. The push out test results shows that the increasing of stud height did not obviously influence the structural behaviors of headed studs and the aspect ratio of 2.16 was proved enough to take full advantage of the headed stud strength. Based on the test results, the equation considering the contribution of weld collar was modified to predict the shear strength of headed stud embedded in UHPC. The modified equation could accurately predict the shear strength of headed stud by comparing with the experimental results. On the basis of push out test results, bending tests consisted of three steel UHPC composite slabs were conducted to investigate the effect of shear connection degree on the structural behaviors of composite slabs. The bending test results revealed that the shear connection degree had a significantly influence on the failure modes and ultimate resistance of composite slabs and composite slab with connection degree of 96% in s hear span exhibited a ductile failure accompanied by the tensile yield of steel plate and crushing of UHPC. Finally, analytical model based on the failure mode of composite slabs was proposed to predict the ultimate resistance of steel UHPC composite slabs with different shear connection degrees at the interface.

In this work, the dynamic properties of a high performance concrete containing glass powder (GP) was studied. The GP is a new cementitious material obtained by recycling waste glass presenting pozzolanic activity. This eco-friendly material was incorporated in concrete mixes by replacing 20 and 30% of cement. The mechanical properties of building materials highly affect the response of the structure under dynamic actions. First, the resonant vibration frequencies were measured on concrete plate with free boundary conditions after 14, 28 and 90 curing days by using an alternative vibration monitoring technique. This technique measures the average frequencies of several excitations done at different points of the plate. This approach takes into account the heterogeneity of a material like concrete. So, the results should be more precise and reliable. For measuring the bending and torsion resonant frequencies, as well as the damping ratio. The dynamic properties of material such as dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic shear modulus were determined by modelling the plate on the finite element software ANSYS. Also, the instantaneous aroused frequency method and ultrasound method were used to determine the dynamic elastic modulus for comparison purpose, with the results obtained from vibration monitoring technique.

In this paper, the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is developed for dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell equations of elastic wave motion with nonlinear grading patterns under shock loading. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite cylinder are obtained based on a micro-mechanical model. In this study, four kinds of grading patterns are assumed for carbon nanotube mechanical properties. The displacements can be approximated using shape function so, the multiquadrics (MQ) Radial Basis Functions (RBF) are used as the shape function. In order to discretize the derived equations in time domains, the Newmark time approximation scheme with suitable time step is used. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present method for dynamic analysis, at the first a problem verifies with analytical solution and then the present method compares with the finite element method (FEM), finally, the present method verifies by using the element free Galerkin (EFG) method. The comparison shows the high capacity and accuracy of the present method in the dynamic analysis of cylindrical shells. The capability of the present method to dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell is demonstrated by dynamic analysis of the cylinder with different kinds of grading patterns and angle of nanocomposite reinforcements. The present method shows high accuracy, efficiency and capability to dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell, which it furnishes a ground for a more flexible design.

Torsional irregularity is one of the most probable types of horizontal irregularity and existence of this irregularity in most of the structural loading codes is determined by calculating the ratio of the maximum to the average story drift. No specific method has been previously recommended by the codes to calculate the mentioned ratio in the response spectrum analyses. In the current investigation, nine steel building structures with different plan layouts and number of stories have been analyzed and designed in order to evaluate the efficiency of three methods for calculating the ratio of the maximum to the average story drift in the response spectrum analyses. It should be noted that one of these methods is the approach used by current version of ETABS software andother ones are proposed in this paper. The obtained results using the proposed methods are compared with the time history analysis results. The comparisons show that one of these methods underestimates the mentioned ratio in all studied models, however, the other two methods have shown similar results. It is also found that the plan layouts and irregularities can affect how these methods estimate the ratios compared to those obtained by the time history analysis. Generally, it can be concluded that all of these methods can properly predict the ratio with acceptable errors.

In this study, on-site testing was carried out to investigate the vibration serviceability of a composite steel-bar truss slab with steel girder system. Impulse excitations (heel-drop and jumping) and steady-state motion (walking and running) were performed to capture the primary vibration parameters (natural frequency and damping ratio) and distribution of peak acceleration. The composite floor possesses low frequency (<8.3Hz) and damping ratio (<2.47%). Based on experimental, theoretical, and numerical analyses on fundamental natural frequency, the boundary condition of SCSS (i.e., three edges simply supported and one edge clamped) is deemed more comparable substitutive for the investigated composite floor. Walking and running excitations by one person (single excitation) were considered to evaluate the vibration serviceability of the composite floor. The measured acceleration results show a satisfactory vibration perceptibility. For design convenience and safety, a crest factor β_rp describing the ratio of peak acceleration to root-mean-square acceleration induced from the walking and running excitations is proposed. The comparisons of the modal parameters determined by walking and running tests reveal the interaction effect between the human excitation and the composite floor.