Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment (환경영향평가)

Korean Society of Environmental Impact Assessment (한국환경영향평가학회)
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Composting Method and Physicochemical Characteristics of By-products from Home Garden Plants and Small Herbivore Feces

옥수수 부산물과 토끼 분변의 이화학적 성분특성 및 퇴비 제조조건

  • Kim, Dae-Gyun (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Young (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Lee, Won-Suk (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Kim, Hye-Hyeong (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Seo, Myung-Whoon (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Park, In-Tae (Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services) ;
  • Hyun, Junge (Dept. of Applied Environmental Science, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yoo, Gayoung (Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2018.11.20
  • Accepted : 2018.12.03
  • Published : 2018.12.31
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Abstract

This study was conducted to suggest a sustainable farming practice forresource recycling in vegetable gardens of North Korea. In North Korea, farmers are allowed to own private vegetable gardens less than $100m^2$. However, usage of fertilizers in private vegetable gardens is very limited due to economic sanctions by UN security council. If North and South Korea initiated the cooperative action in the near future, agricultural sector would be the highest priority cooperation area. Considering the current North Korean situation in agriculture, we would like to suggest a method for producing organic fertilizer manure. For raw materials for producing manure, we selected corn byproduct, which is the most abundant material, and rabbits' feces, which are easily obtained from individual private farms in North Korea. As we cannot get corn byproducts and rabbits' feces from North Korea, we prepared samples of corn byproducts and rabbits; feces from many places in South Korea. After statistical analysis of variance, there was no significant difference in the T-N contents of corn byproducts from Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Jeollabuk and Gyeongsangnam-dos, which indicates that the fertilizing quality of corn byproducts does not vary significantly in the spatial scale of South. Korea. In this sense, if we use corn samples from Gyeonggi province, they would not be very different from those of North Korean regions. Physicochemical properties of rabbits' feces were different between those eating feed grains and those eating plants only. Hence, we used rabbits' feces of the rabbits from Yeonchun area, which were fed by plants only. Using three different mixing ratios of corn byproducts and rabbits' feces, composting was conducted for 60 days. The mixing ratio of 1:1 produced the manure with % T-N of 1.98% and OM/N ratio of 31.7 after 30 days of composting, which is comparable to the quality of commercial manure.

북한의 텃밭에서는 비료사용이 매우 제한적이므로 남북한 농업분야 협력사업의 하나로 텃밭 부산물을 이용한 퇴비 제조방법의 제안은 실용적 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 북한의 실정을 고려하여 토끼 분변과 옥수수 부산물이 가장 얻기 쉬운 원재료 물질로 판단하고 이를 이용한 퇴비 제조 방법을 제안하고자 하였다. 북한의 시료를 구하기는 불가능한 일이기 때문에 남한의 여러 지역에서 옥수수 부산물 시료를 구하여 이들의 이화학적 성질을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 주요 비료 성분인 질소의 경우 남한 정도의 공간 규모에서 유의한 차이가 없었으므로 경기도 지역의 옥수수 부산물을 퇴비화 재료로 활용하였다. 토끼 분변도 여러 지역에서 수집 분석하였는데 이를 풀만을 급이한 중국 단동의 분변 시료와 비교하였다. 이 결과 사료를 먹은 토끼 분변의 질소 함량은 풀을 먹인 토끼 분변에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 북한 상황을 고려할 때 텃밭에서 키우는 토끼는 사료가 아닌 풀을 급이할 확률이 크지만 재료의 가용성으로 인해 경기도 연천에서 토끼의 분변을 확보하여 퇴비화 재료로 활용하였다. 퇴비화 과정은 토끼 분변과 옥수수 부산물의 혼합비를 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 로 각각 처리하여 60일 동안 진행하였다. 그 결과 1:1 혼합비를 통해 제조된 퇴비는 부숙 완료 후 총 질소 함량은 1.98%이었고 유기물/질소 비도 31.7에 달하여 시판되고 있는 상업용 퇴비와 질적으로 차이가 없음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Composting Process using rabbits’ feces and corn byproducts

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Fig. 2. Physicochemical characteristics of corn byproducts in different regions. *Gyeonggi-do, **Gangwon-do, ***Chungcheongbuk-do, ****Chungcheongnam-do, *****Jeollabuk-do, ******Gyeonsangnam-do

HOPHBL_2018_v27n6_695_f0003.png 이미지

Fig 3. Physicochemical characteristics of rabbits’ feces in different regions. *Gyeonggi-do, **Gangwon-do, ***Chungcheongnam-do, ****Chungcheongbuk-do, ♩Rabbits‘ feces fed with grass in Dandong, China, ♪Rabbits’ feces fed with grass in Yeoncheon-gun

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Fig. 4. Temporal changes after composting using Rabbits’ Feces and Corn Plants.

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Fig. 5. Temporal changes in temperature

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Fig. 6. Timely Changes of T-N, OM/N after composting using Rabbits’ Feces and Corn Plants.

Table 1. Physicochemical characteristics of rabbits’ feces and corn plants

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Table 2. Degrees of Compost Maturity by CoMMe-100 after composting using Rabbits’ Feces and Corn Plants.

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Table 3. Physicochemical Characteristics of Organic Compost Product in Commercial sale.

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