Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea (대한건축학회논문집)
Architectural Institute of Korea (AIK)
- Monthly
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- 2733-6239(pISSN)
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- 2733-6247(eISSN)
- 선행 저널 1 : 대한건축학회논문집:구조계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction) (1998 ~ 2020)
- 선행 저널 2 : 대한건축학회논문집:계획계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design) (1998 ~ 2020)
Volume 37 Issue 8
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the method for the diversification of BIG's housing projects, focused on the designing elements and the form shaping methods. Previous studies related to the housing design mainly dealt with laws and policies or researched on the types and the characteristics of plan analysis and unit layouts. Therefore, this study analyzed and categorized BIG's housing projects so that they can be used as way to create various designs in the design process by understanding the relationship between the design elements of the housing and the form shaping methods. After analyzing BIG's projects, it is clear the relationship between the design elements and the form shaping methods can lead the direction of the development of diverse urban housing design. Also, it could develop further for having the diversification of architectural design, and it can make the city scape more variety and dynamic.
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Due to a sharp drop in the school-age population, universities are facing the need for changes to secure competitiveness. The overall evaluation of universities is highly correlated with the satisfaction of campus facilities. Therefore, when each university seeks spatial change, it shall formulate an appropriate plan in consideration of the improvement of students' satisfaction. Based on the current spatial structure of the campus, the study examines the characteristics of each type by dividing major universities into four classifications. First, the 'Grid campus' had sufficient support facilities, but lacked a subordinate facilities. Second, the 'Radial-Disperse campus' was mainly located in the provinces. They were relatively lacking in basic facilities compared to other groups, but had sufficient subordinate facilities. Third, the 'Dispersed core Campus' consists of a number of small public universities. They have a looped or central road circulation, and buildings take an circular or decentralized layout. 'Dispersed core Campus' functionally value academic facilities and are characterized by creating open spaces in the center of the campus. Fourth, the 'Concentrated core Campus' includes a number of large public universities. They have circulation form of a central road or a looped road and buildings are arranged in a distributed or circular layout. Also, the center of the campus tends to be open-space. It is hoped that the morphological and functional characteristics derived from this study will help understanding the campus spatial and will be used as basic data for campus planning and detailed research in the future.
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Since the 2020 coronavirus pandemic, many elderly people have been infected in elderly care facilities, so there is a very high demand for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in elderly care facilities. In this study, as one of the measures to suppress mass cross-infection in the elderly care facility, it was attempted to derive appropriate area standards for the residents' living space. The study targets the living units of nursing homes for the elderly with 30 or more people, and the study was conducted through domestic and international standards review, infectious disease management guidelines, facility visits, and interviews with related staffs working in elderly care facilities. As a result of the study, it was found that the optimized size of the living unit is 16 people or less, and it is necessary to install an isolation room for each living unit and a special bedroom for each nursing unit. The floor area of the bedroom is 35.4m2 (8.9m2/person) for a 4-bed room, 27.7m2 (9.2m2/person) for a 3-bed room, 22.2m2 (11.1m2/person) for a 2-bed room, and 13.0m2 for a single bedroom. The common living room is used by all members of the living unit in normal, but when infectious diseases are spread, it is necessary to secure at least 2.3m2/person on the premise that half of the elderly people in a unit uses this living area simultaneously in consideration of social distancing and density. These area standards were calculated in consideration of the elderly life, provision of nursing care services, and infection control, and can be used to improve the building standards of elderly care facilities.
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The square of Chungbuk National University is a centered public space where various activities of users are held. Since the Corona19 epidemic, the user's behavior of campus space has changed due to the quarantine policy. Through a comparison of behaviors before and after the Corona19, we are going to confirm the role of the square, the core external space, and expand the concept of the square. The user's behavior before and after the Corona19 in 2019 and 2020 was analyzed targeting the square between the new library and the student's union building newly established in 2017. Three weeks before and after the exam week, three times on weekdays, taking pictures of user behavior. Through this, we tried to understand the usage and the method of using the square. After the corona19, the interior space could not be used properly. Also, the usage of the Square as an external space has decreased. However, it could be seen that the square was used in various ways and the importance of the square was increased. The importance of its role as a public external space should be emphasized, and it should be a space that can contain various behaviors.
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This study aims to understand the meaning of the third place from the understanding of the Korean elderly's life through the analysis of the Korean elderly's experience of using the third place. The term "third place" is based on the concept Oldenburg suggested, but to focus on places that are closely related to daily life, this paper will define a third place as "an unofficial space that one would go voluntarily, regularly, or routinely." A total of 24 participants were selected to survey the experience of using a third place. The survey participants used in the research were 60+ years old, unemployed, and people who had third places they frequent to. The conclusion of the research is as follows. First, The paper has confirmed the elderly's desire for a third place that could be used regularly as well as the fact that a third place is an indispensable part of the elderly's lives. Second, The research has confirmed that places including parks, green spaces, and sports facilities are functioning as third places for the elderly and that third places are also formed at places such as stores or streets. It was also shown that many elderly people avoid using facilities specifically for seniors. Thus, existing third places must be recognized to support, supplement, and utilize their maintenance in addition to establishing welfare institutions and facilities.
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Yoo, Hae-Yeon;Park, Sung-Chul;Lim, Jong-Heon;Han, Da-Bin;Jeong, Ji-Won 53
This study aims to analyze the direction of the Ministry of Education's high school credit system implementation project and the plan of the Gangwon Provincial Office of Education's school space innovation project and propose the direction of future pre-planned research. To this end, we analyzed the pre-planning research case of the housing space innovation project for the renovation of the main building of Pyeongchang High School, and revealed the differentiation and implications from the existing pre-planning research. Prior to the study, literature research and policy analysis such as related business reports were preceded, and participatory workshops and expert advice for process and program development were conducted. First of all, this study looked at the need for changes in school space due to the introduction of the high school credit system and related policies. Second, this study was examined the current status and limitations of pre-planning research, and thirdly, we proposed the improvement direction of pre-planning research through program and process development, expert advice, and user-participated design workshops centered on Pyeongchang High School. This study suggests that the process was divided into more detailed stages, including curriculum analysis at the level of the education office and the level of the school, until the space program (proposal) consistent with Pyeongchang High School was derived. -
In this study, we conducted an analysis of the evaluation results of the kindergarten design competition where the evaluation results were disclosed. Through this, it was possible to identify the elements and directions of the kindergarten scheme that juries consider important in kindergarten design. The areas that are important in evaluation are siteplan and plan. In siteplan, land use planning, pedestrian and vehicle planning and exterior space planning are important. In plan, plan configuration and zoning plan, common area and movement plan, and specific requirements for individual rooms are important. As a result of the study, the direction of each item's planning was presented. The findings could be used as a reference for designers as a guideline for kindergarten planning. It could also be used as a design guideline for kindergarten design competitions to guide the right direction of planning.
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Lee, Jin-Kyoung;Kim, Sang-Hoon;Park, Soo-Hyun;Kim, Young-Ook 73
The purpose of the research is to provide shelter-in-place selection criteria and method for allocating emergency shelters by analyzing catchment area and accessibility of vacant spaces. The study focuses on shelters and vacant spaces within a region which is designated as a urban regeneration. The method of research includes literature review, catchment area analysis using Space Syntax, and accessibility analysis. The selection process and method is composed of the following procedure to decide suitable emergency shelters in a region: firstly, examine a candidate shelter's catchment area in the region. Secondly, if the shelter's catchment area is smaller than the region, additionally examine a catchment area of vacant spaces. Then, find the best accessible vacant space and select it as another shelter. Finally, verify the selected vacant spaces and the shelter support better accessibility to entire region by catchment area analysis. Shelter within the area should be in the catchment area within 5 minutes and should be selected in consideration of human behavior characteristics, cognition, and accessibility. -
This study is to derive important factors for setting the direction of vitalization of profit-type community facilities created by the Urban Regeneration New Deal project. Accordingly, we analyzed vital factors for activation targeting experts and operators in the field of urban regeneration and analyzed 'satisfaction-importance', an important activation factor perceived by operators who are currently operating facilities. First, 70 factors were classified by reviewing previous studies and conducting FGI targeting experts. In order to finally derive the most appropriate important factor among the selected 70 factors, a preliminary survey was conducted with 30 experts and rearranged into 33 factors. Second, the importance and priority of vital factors were analyzed using the fixed constant sum method for 25 experts and 25 operation relation person. derive 10 detailed critical factors that we recognised to be of common importance between the two groups. As a result of the detailed results, ① sufficient review and agreement on the implementation of facilities before construction are required. ② The active participation of members must be guaranteed. ③ In order to have an organizational system in which the operating organization can stand on its own feet, expertise must be secured, and specialized educational support will be needed to support it. ④ For the sustainability of the operating organization, it is necessary to establish a long-term profit structure model and secure fixed funds. ⑤ Considering the aging of the region and the difficulty of fostering professional manpower immediately, it was found that private professional capabilities should be actively utilized. Third, important factors for activation and looked at what should be improved first using IPA. First of all, four important factors that require intensive improvement include the expertise of members, the establishment of a sustainable profit model, securing fixed funds, and the active use of private professional capabilities. As such, It is expected that the efficiency of the project will be further improved If the focus factors are improved first, therefore empirical analysis of more profit-type community facilities and additional research on vital factors for each stage of operation are necessary.
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In this study, as part of a method to figure out how to use the detailed design elements to which the six application strategies of the CPTED basic principles are applied, The importance test of the application strategy and the importance of detailed design elements for each application strategy were conducted through the AHP questionnaire targeting professors, public officials, and architectural practitioners. As a result, the 'Usability increase' strategy came out with the highest weight. In the detailed design elements, the reinforcement of monitoring is the removal of blind spots, the access control is the security center, the reinforcement of territoriality is the public design, the reinforcement of the clarity is the arrangement plan to make it easier to recognize objects, the improvement of the usability is the reinforcement of the neighborhood community, and the maintenance is the improvement of the residential environment was recognized as important.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how the Mount Geumgang National Park Preparation Plan changed the landscape of Mt. Geumgang during the 1930s. In the early 1930s, the Japanese Government-General of Joseon sought to conserve the landscape of Mt. Geumgang, which had been damaged by increasing tourists and reckless development, by executing a national park plan. Uehara and Tamura, invited Japanese landscape architecture authorities, had contrasting viewpoints for national parks, thereby suggested two different national park preparation plans. Uehara emphasized Inner Geumgang's traditional scenic spots with old buildings and stories, while Tamura did Outer Geumgang's modern natural landscape. The final plan adopted both of their plans by applying each to separate zones. This plan was partially implemented and changed the landscape of mountains, although Mt.Geumgang was not designated as a national park as planned. Mt. Geumgang was reorganized by the plan as follows. First, the territory of Mt. Geumgang, which had been ambigous, was confirmed and expanded as a 'great landscape of granite mountains'. Second, the area of Mt. Geumgang were divided into multiple zones for different purposes. Newly added areas were developed as the zone for physical training of alpinists while highlighting a Mt. Geumgang's attribute as "unexplored nature." On the other hand, existing Inner Geumgang and Outer Geumgang areas were developed as the zone for tourists, which had facilities for groups of tourists and motoring roads for the short period sightseeing. New Geumgang was to be developed as a midpoint destination for the upper-class; however, this plan was abandoned as the whole plan was scaled down after 1933. Third, the landscapes of each zones were characterized by the building styles in it. Through this strategy, Outer Geumgang and newely added areas, the base of alpinists, were portrayed as modern and western, whereas Inner Geumgang, the base of tourists, was portrayed as traditional and oriental. These changes are important in that it has an influence on today's understanding and experience of Mt. Geumgang.
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This study calculates the officetel sales price index using real-time transaction data from April 2009 to February 2021, and analyzes price changes between before and after the implementation of real estate policies due to regional environmental differences between Mok-dong and Yeouido-dong. As a result of the study, the difference in sales prices by exclusive area of the two regions and the hierarchy by complex are identified. In particular, through the calculation of the officetel sales price index at the Dong unit, it is confirmed and verified that the actual actual transaction price has followed the data well. The analysis of differences in sales prices between the two regions before and after the 6.27 real estate policy shows significant results in a rise in officetel prices, and the effects of real estate policy show a time lag and work slowly.
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Bang, Seung-Hwan;Kim, Young-Hoon;Choi, Won-Woo;Lee, Youn-Kyung;Kim, Do-Nyun 125
As the times change, some of the planning elements of a neighborhood unit have been maintained but some have changed. The aim of this study is to consider changes in the planning elements of a neighborhood unit with the times, focusing on physical properties and then suggest directions of the future neighborhood unit plan. The process is as followed. First, subjects were selected through a precedent research analysis. Second, subjects were compared and analyzed through six criteria of C.Perry, which was first presented as the physical and specific framework of the neighborhood unit. Finally, the maintained and the changed planning elements were derived, and then directions of the future neighborhood unit plan were proposed. This study has shown that the maintained planning elements include radius and area of a neighborhood unit, role of boundary, overall layout of openspace considering walking, role and location of public facilities, necessity of commercial facilities, internal road system to secure residents' safety from cars. And changed planning elements include population and density considering the context of the times and regions, road hierarchy and facility type along boundary, ratio and facility type of openspace, public facility type, location of commercial facilities and relationship to residences, method of internal road system, block size and pattern. -
This study analyzed how the lot conditions in urban regeneration district affect the effect of new construction. To do this, it examined the current status of lots such as size, shape, adjoining road, building coverage ratio and floor area ratio of the 6 districts where the project was completed. Then, it analyzed the effect of new construction after the selection of the urban regeneration project. The main research results are as follows. First, it was found that the ratio of undersized lots and irregular shaped lots among the lot conditions have negatively affected the new construction effect. Second, when the ratio of lots that do not have proper road is high, it negatively affects new construction, but it is found that the effect is small compared to other lot conditions. Third, as a result of analyzing the floor area ratio and building coverage ratio of lots, it was analyzed that the possibility of securing an additional floor area ratio and whether the existing buildings exceed the building coverage affect the new construction rate. As a result, this study will help to create indicators and systems for selecting more potential urban regeneration sites.
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Jung, Yong-Gi;Song, Yong-Woo;Kim, Seong-Eun;Yoo, Jae-Yun;Park, Jin-Chul 147
The purpose of this study was to study how to reduce the primary pollutants of NOx in a manner to keep a comfortable air quality. By installing a photocatalytic reactor in a duct device, the reduction of NOx according to the reaction area change using the photocatalytic reaction was confirmed through an experiment. The experiment was conducted according to the ISO 22197-1 test method, and the coating area was changed to 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. As a result of the test according to the coating area change of the TiO2 photocatalyst, it was confirmed that as the coating area decreased, the NOx concentration increased after the reaction was completed, and the NOx reduction amount decreased. In addition, as the coating area decreased, the NOx reduction rate decreased, and the gradient of the reduction graph also decreased. After the reaction of the coating area 25%, the time to 72% reduction, which is the amount of NOx reduction, was compared. As the coating area decreases was confirmed that increases the reaching time to 72% reduction. -
Today, about 1% of the global electricity is eaten up by data centers. The ongoing global digital transformation in conventional growth and capability will not only boost the number and size of data centers but also their energy consumption and carbon footprint. In Korea, data centers, became the largest users of energy consumption, spend an average of 208,480 toe annually in 2017. Data center energy consumption was the highest among the building types. Because of the higher energy consumption, energy efficiency becomes more and more important. However, insufficient energy data has been a significant barrier against fully understanding of energy use characteristics, and demand load features of data centers. This study aims to develop an energy baseline standard to tackle the questions of energy efficiency for data centers. Many data centers have utilized a statistical data which may not fully capture the energy flow within the IT sector and Non-IT sector. With the goal of overcoming these limitations, a methodology to reveal the data center energy flow and the energy baseline based on IT load were developed. Taking S telecom data center for case study, this paper proposes systematically how to make and analyze the energy structure. First, equipment-level energy efficiency is the best resources to help energy saving in data center be it large or small. Second, building-level energy efficiency is related to numerous operating characteristics that are identified as potentially important for data centers.
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In this study, structural performance of Hanok's frame according to the frame arrangement is analyzed. As a result of considering six previous studies, frame arrangement can be classified into 1) Frame direction and 2) Frame position. Frame direction is divided into the purlin-direction and the beam-direction, and frame position is divided into the upper part of common column and corner column. As a result of comparing the lateral strength at the damage limit of the frame(1/120rad), beam-direction frame is 1.3 times stronger than the purlin-direction frame. In addition, the common column partial frame is 1.3 times stronger than the corner column partial frame. In previous studies, structural performance analysis methods include the nonlinear hysteresis model, finite element analysis, partial frame spring factor, and capacity estimation equation.
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Most of domestic low-rised buildings with piloti-type have both vertical and horizontal irregularities. In KDS 41 17 00 : 2019, when using the equivalent static analysis method for vertical and horizontal irregular buildings, the special seismic load combination and torsional amplification factor should be applied to the seismic design. However, it is independently introduced without considering the case where both design methods are applied at the same time, and the basis and relevant research are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of the special seismic load and torsional amplification factor on the seismic design of building having both vertical and horizontal irregularities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of the piloti-type building according to the application of special seismic load and torsional amplification factor when designing a building with both vertical and horizontal irregularities. The specimen A that did not apply both the special seismic load and torsional amplification factor and the specimen B that applied only the special seismic load, were designed and fabricated, and the failure mode and behavior were identified through the shaking table tests. As the results of the shaking table test, in the final stage of the specimen A, the failure occurred at the upper and lower joints of the column farthest from the core wall, and the specimen B did not fail or collapse. In addition, it was confirmed that the torsional behavior was relatively controlled even when only the special seismic load was considered.
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In this paper, the structural behavior according to details of corner joint for precast concrete(PC) wall panels or in-situ reinforced concrete walls subjected to opening bending moment was investigated experimentally. Also, the pattern of crack and the corner efficiency of different reinforcement detailings were studied from a literature review. It is practically difficult to provide structural integrity so much that structural strength of corner joints in PC wall structure is equivalent to that of corner joints in cast-in-place, monolithic concrete wall structure. However, test results show that the efficiency of wet connection with loop bars, shear keys, and high strength non-shrink grouting for PC wall corner joints is greater than 100%. Therefore, it is recommended that the depth of shear key should be sufficient to resist the opening moment by interlocking and the strength of grout should be greater than that of the PC wall to increase structural integrity of corner joints.
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The diverse vibration control systems have been applied to many structures for the enhancement of the earthquake or wind resistant performance. Since such a heavy damped structure has nonclassical damping natures, it is faced some difficulties in extracting modal response in the monochromatic form and in estimating the modal properties precisely with conventional mode decomposition method developed in physical coordinate. In this study, a state-space based modal decomposition technique is proposed to extract modal response from measured response of a heavy damped structure, and to identify the modal properties using the decomposed modal response in the state space. It is analyzed the characteristics of power spectrum of the decomposed modal response, and then a process to identify the modal properties, particularly the damping ratio is addressed. For the verification of the proposed method, the technique is applied to the 3DOF system with the oil dampers and the structure with a tuned mass damper system. From the simulation results, it is found that the transfer function of the modal response in the state space is composed of a combination the displacement and velocity transfer function, and so more precise modal parameter estimation can be expected when the participation ratio of two components is appropriately addressed.
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The objective of the present study is to estimate the flexural behavior and stiffness of the developed synthetic resin permeable blocks. The frame and kits consisting of the synthetic resin blocks exhibited a linear load-displacement relationship up to the yield state of the block. The flexural strength of the synthetic resin blocks ranged between 7.3 and 6.6 MPa, which were 3.5 and 1.9 times higher than the minimum requirements of KS F 4419. From the strain compatibility, force equilibrium, and idealized curvature distributions along the permeable block length on the basis of the elasticity theorem, the flexural stiffness (K) of synthetic resin blocks was formulated and then compared with test results, The proposed formula was converted into design charts to straightforwardly determine the stiffness of synthetic resin blocks.
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Choi, Jaewon;Ki, Tae-Kyoung;Cha, Wan-Ho;Han, Min-Cheol 213
In this study, we researched a method to increase the photocatalytic reaction efficiency of TiO2 particles while fixing TiO2 to the concrete surface using cement paste. For this purpose, we analyzed effects of cement fineness on the surface area and air purification performance of hardened cement paste containing TiO2. At the test level of this study, it was confirmed that the lower the fineness of OPC shows the better the NO and NOx removal rates, indicating better air purification performance. To identify the cause, the particle size distribution of the cement, the roughness of the surface of the hardened paste, and the lightness were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the lower the fineness of cement, the surface roughness increases, so the exposed area of TiO2 contained in the paste also increases. As a result, NOx removal rate is improved when the lower the fineness of cement. -
Yoon, Kyu-Seup;Lee, Ju-Mi;Ko, Seon-Ju;Kim, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Ju-Hyung 221
Housing prices in Korea continued to rise with the consumer's desire for asset increase and suppliers' desire for profit, and the government introduced a price ceiling system in 1972 to stabilize housing prices. The government expected that housing stability would be achieved by introducing the price ceiling system, but there was a constant controversy over the effect of it. Some experts argued that the price ceiling system does not affect existing housing prices, but rather reduces housing supply, which increases price in the long run. In this study, we intend to analyze the impact of the price ceiling system on housing market forecast by predicting housing market based on the presence or absence of the price ceiling system and comparing the accuracy. Several previous research have studied the factors affecting housing price, but this only identified the correlation, and there was insufficient of research on housing price prediction according to actual policy. To overcome such statistical limitations, this paper predicts housing price using machine learning that can be interpreted with high accuracy even if input variables are incomplete, wide, or irregular. As a result of analysis, the difference between RMSE(Root Mean Error), error rate mean, and error rate standard deviation was insignificant even if the price ceiling system was applied or not. This means that the housing market is more affected by other factors than the price ceiling system. -
Kim, Jun-Sang;Eun, Hyung Jin;Jang, Ji Young;Jung, Wook;Kim, Jung-Yeol;Kim, Young Suk 229
Status grade evaluation work for steel pipe supports is essential to identify the damage level of the repeated and reused steel pipe supports and bring the steel pipe supports with guaranteed performance to the construction site. However, status grade evaluation of steel pipe supports was analyzed that consistency and reliability of the evaluation results were insufficient because the quality manager of temporary equipment rental companies mainly used qualitative methods such as a visual inspection to evaluate the status of the steel pipe supports. Analysis of relevant criteria has revealed that there was no basis for the item and the item's threshold value for status grade evaluation criteria of the steel pipe supports. This study aims to select the influencing factors for status grade evaluation of the steel pipe supports and to develop the criteria(draft) for the status grade criteria based on the selected influencing factors. A total of 26 influencing factors were selected. At least 71.0% of the respondents answered that the developed steel pipe supports status grade criteria(draft) was appropriate. it is expected that influencing factors for status grade evaluation of the steel pipe supports and steel pipe supports status grade criteria(draft) will provide a basic framework for improving the status grade criteria for steel pipe supports.